Viral infections and immune modulation in bladder cancer: implications for immunotherapy

Viral infections and immune modulation in bladder cancer: implications for immunotherapy

This review explores the intricate relationship between viral infections and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) efficacy, emphasizing immune modulation mechanisms that may influence treatment outcomes. Since its introduction in 1976, intravesical BCG has been a cornerstone in managing non-muscle invasiv...

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Main Authors: Lívia Bitencourt Pascoal, Mehrsa Jalalizadeh, Gabriela Barbosa, Andrea Nazare Monteiro Rangel da Silva, Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz, Ekaterina Laukhtina, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Alessandra Gambero, Leonardo O. Reis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Open Exploration Publishing Inc. 2025-04-01
Series:Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy
Subjects:
virome
senescence
exhaustion
urothelial carcinoma
immune response
Online Access:https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A1002311/1002311.pdf
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