Betaine enhances SCAPs chondrogenic differentiation and promotes cartilage repair in TMJOA through WDR81
Abstract Background The cartilage tissue regeneration mediated with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is considered as a viable strategy for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA). Betaine has been confirmed to modulate the multidirectional differentiation of MSCs, while its effect on chondrogen...
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BMC
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Stem Cell Research & Therapy |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-025-04161-4 |
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| author | Meiyue Wang Zejie Wu Xiaoyu Zheng Yishu Huang Yizhou Jin Jiaxin Song Wanzhen Lei Hua Liu Riyue Yu Haoqing Yang Runtao Gao |
| author_facet | Meiyue Wang Zejie Wu Xiaoyu Zheng Yishu Huang Yizhou Jin Jiaxin Song Wanzhen Lei Hua Liu Riyue Yu Haoqing Yang Runtao Gao |
| author_sort | Meiyue Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The cartilage tissue regeneration mediated with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is considered as a viable strategy for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA). Betaine has been confirmed to modulate the multidirectional differentiation of MSCs, while its effect on chondrogenic differentiation of Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla (SCAPs) is unknown. Here, we explored the effects and underlying mechanisms of betaine on chondrogenic differentiation of SCAPs. Methods Betaine was added for SCAPs chondrogenic induction. The chondrogenic differentiation potential was assessed using Alcian Blue staining, Sirius Red staining and the main chondrogenic markers. In vivo cartilage regeneration effects were evaluated by the rat TMJOA model. RNA-sequencing and biological analyses were performed to select target genes and biological processes involved. The mechanism betaine acts on chondrogenic differentiation of SCAPs was further explored. Results Betain-treated SCAPs demonstrated stronger cartilage regeneration in vitro and promoted cartilage repair of TMJOA in vivo. Betaine enhanced the expression of WDR81 in SCAPs during chondrogenesis. WDR81 overexpression promoted chondrogenic differentiation of SCAPs, while WDR81 depletion inhibited chondrogenic differentiation. In addition, both betaine treatment and WDR81 overexpression reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and increased mitochondrial membrane potential in SCAPs. Conclusion Betaine promotes SCAPs chondrogenic differentiation and provided an effective candidate for TMJOA treatment. WDR81 may serve as the potential drug target through mitophagy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-217593feca3c49be87e1434801241ab9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1757-6512 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Stem Cell Research & Therapy |
| spelling | doaj-art-217593feca3c49be87e1434801241ab92025-02-09T12:15:50ZengBMCStem Cell Research & Therapy1757-65122025-02-0116111610.1186/s13287-025-04161-4Betaine enhances SCAPs chondrogenic differentiation and promotes cartilage repair in TMJOA through WDR81Meiyue Wang0Zejie Wu1Xiaoyu Zheng2Yishu Huang3Yizhou Jin4Jiaxin Song5Wanzhen Lei6Hua Liu7Riyue Yu8Haoqing Yang9Runtao Gao10Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Stomatology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityAbstract Background The cartilage tissue regeneration mediated with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is considered as a viable strategy for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA). Betaine has been confirmed to modulate the multidirectional differentiation of MSCs, while its effect on chondrogenic differentiation of Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla (SCAPs) is unknown. Here, we explored the effects and underlying mechanisms of betaine on chondrogenic differentiation of SCAPs. Methods Betaine was added for SCAPs chondrogenic induction. The chondrogenic differentiation potential was assessed using Alcian Blue staining, Sirius Red staining and the main chondrogenic markers. In vivo cartilage regeneration effects were evaluated by the rat TMJOA model. RNA-sequencing and biological analyses were performed to select target genes and biological processes involved. The mechanism betaine acts on chondrogenic differentiation of SCAPs was further explored. Results Betain-treated SCAPs demonstrated stronger cartilage regeneration in vitro and promoted cartilage repair of TMJOA in vivo. Betaine enhanced the expression of WDR81 in SCAPs during chondrogenesis. WDR81 overexpression promoted chondrogenic differentiation of SCAPs, while WDR81 depletion inhibited chondrogenic differentiation. In addition, both betaine treatment and WDR81 overexpression reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and increased mitochondrial membrane potential in SCAPs. Conclusion Betaine promotes SCAPs chondrogenic differentiation and provided an effective candidate for TMJOA treatment. WDR81 may serve as the potential drug target through mitophagy.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-025-04161-4Chondrogenic differentiationStem cells from the apical papillaWDR81Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritisMitochondria |
| spellingShingle | Meiyue Wang Zejie Wu Xiaoyu Zheng Yishu Huang Yizhou Jin Jiaxin Song Wanzhen Lei Hua Liu Riyue Yu Haoqing Yang Runtao Gao Betaine enhances SCAPs chondrogenic differentiation and promotes cartilage repair in TMJOA through WDR81 Stem Cell Research & Therapy Chondrogenic differentiation Stem cells from the apical papilla WDR81 Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis Mitochondria |
| title | Betaine enhances SCAPs chondrogenic differentiation and promotes cartilage repair in TMJOA through WDR81 |
| title_full | Betaine enhances SCAPs chondrogenic differentiation and promotes cartilage repair in TMJOA through WDR81 |
| title_fullStr | Betaine enhances SCAPs chondrogenic differentiation and promotes cartilage repair in TMJOA through WDR81 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Betaine enhances SCAPs chondrogenic differentiation and promotes cartilage repair in TMJOA through WDR81 |
| title_short | Betaine enhances SCAPs chondrogenic differentiation and promotes cartilage repair in TMJOA through WDR81 |
| title_sort | betaine enhances scaps chondrogenic differentiation and promotes cartilage repair in tmjoa through wdr81 |
| topic | Chondrogenic differentiation Stem cells from the apical papilla WDR81 Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis Mitochondria |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-025-04161-4 |
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