Untangling teacher burnout: a network analysis of demands, resources, and out-of-field teaching challenges in rural China

IntroductionTeacher burnout poses a significant threat to the sustainability of rural education. However, the effect of out-of-field teaching as a job demand remains understudied. This study applies the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model to explore how job demands, job resources, and personal resour...

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Main Author: Ming Huo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Public Health
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1633952/full
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author Ming Huo
author_facet Ming Huo
author_sort Ming Huo
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionTeacher burnout poses a significant threat to the sustainability of rural education. However, the effect of out-of-field teaching as a job demand remains understudied. This study applies the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model to explore how job demands, job resources, and personal resources interact with burnout among rural teachers.MethodsWe conducted a network analysis on survey data from 2,475 English teachers in rural China, including 2,119 in-field and 356 out-of-field teachers, to examine the relationships between JD-R variables and burnout dimensions.ResultsEmotional exhaustion emerged as the central burnout dimension, with workload stress acting as the primary bridge connecting JD-R variables to burnout. Job satisfaction showed strong negative bridge effects, indicating its association with lower depersonalization. The network structure and strength were similar for in-field and out-of-field teachers, suggesting that out-of-field teaching may not be directly related to teacher burnout.DiscussionThese findings suggest that interventions targeting workload reduction and enhancing professional identity and recognition could alleviate burnout and support the sustainability of rural education in China.
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spelling doaj-art-217375fa7e1a45d0bb43211c6e71e6682025-08-20T05:33:03ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652025-08-011310.3389/fpubh.2025.16339521633952Untangling teacher burnout: a network analysis of demands, resources, and out-of-field teaching challenges in rural ChinaMing HuoIntroductionTeacher burnout poses a significant threat to the sustainability of rural education. However, the effect of out-of-field teaching as a job demand remains understudied. This study applies the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model to explore how job demands, job resources, and personal resources interact with burnout among rural teachers.MethodsWe conducted a network analysis on survey data from 2,475 English teachers in rural China, including 2,119 in-field and 356 out-of-field teachers, to examine the relationships between JD-R variables and burnout dimensions.ResultsEmotional exhaustion emerged as the central burnout dimension, with workload stress acting as the primary bridge connecting JD-R variables to burnout. Job satisfaction showed strong negative bridge effects, indicating its association with lower depersonalization. The network structure and strength were similar for in-field and out-of-field teachers, suggesting that out-of-field teaching may not be directly related to teacher burnout.DiscussionThese findings suggest that interventions targeting workload reduction and enhancing professional identity and recognition could alleviate burnout and support the sustainability of rural education in China.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1633952/fullburnoutjob demands-resourcesnetwork analysisin-field teachersout-of-field teachers
spellingShingle Ming Huo
Untangling teacher burnout: a network analysis of demands, resources, and out-of-field teaching challenges in rural China
Frontiers in Public Health
burnout
job demands-resources
network analysis
in-field teachers
out-of-field teachers
title Untangling teacher burnout: a network analysis of demands, resources, and out-of-field teaching challenges in rural China
title_full Untangling teacher burnout: a network analysis of demands, resources, and out-of-field teaching challenges in rural China
title_fullStr Untangling teacher burnout: a network analysis of demands, resources, and out-of-field teaching challenges in rural China
title_full_unstemmed Untangling teacher burnout: a network analysis of demands, resources, and out-of-field teaching challenges in rural China
title_short Untangling teacher burnout: a network analysis of demands, resources, and out-of-field teaching challenges in rural China
title_sort untangling teacher burnout a network analysis of demands resources and out of field teaching challenges in rural china
topic burnout
job demands-resources
network analysis
in-field teachers
out-of-field teachers
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1633952/full
work_keys_str_mv AT minghuo untanglingteacherburnoutanetworkanalysisofdemandsresourcesandoutoffieldteachingchallengesinruralchina