The Role of Social Class in the Use of Gender-Inclusive Language: An Analysis of Polish and German Job Titles

Past research has found that gender-inclusive language is more commonly used in egalitarian cultures. People in middle-class communities not only endorse more egalitarian values but also more strongly believe that social change is possible than people in working-class communities. As such, there may...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Lea Hodel, Magdalena Formanowicz, Agnieszka Pietraszkiewicz, Sabine Sczesny
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: PsychOpen GOLD/ Leibniz Institute for Psychology 2025-06-01
Series:Social Psychological Bulletin
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.32872/spb.13535
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Summary:Past research has found that gender-inclusive language is more commonly used in egalitarian cultures. People in middle-class communities not only endorse more egalitarian values but also more strongly believe that social change is possible than people in working-class communities. As such, there may be a higher demand for and, thus, use of gender-inclusive language in middle-class professions than for working class professions. Two studies investigated the use of feminine and gender-inclusive job titles for working vs. middle class professions in two grammatical gender languages, namely feminine job titles in Polish corpus texts (Study 1) and gender-inclusive job titles in Swiss German job advertisements (Study 2). Results showed that feminine and gender-inclusive job titles were indeed more often used for middle- than for working-class professions in both countries. These findings document the need to take social class into account in future language research as well as in the implementation of language reforms.
ISSN:2569-653X