Pain Level Classification Using Eye-Tracking Metrics and Machine Learning Models

Pain estimation is a critical aspect of healthcare, particularly for patients who are unable to communicate discomfort effectively. The traditional methods, such as self-reporting or observational scales, are subjective and prone to bias. This study proposes a novel system for non-invasive pain esti...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Oussama El Othmani, Sami Naouali
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Computers
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/6/212
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