Social media crisis communication and public engagement during COVID-19 analyzing public health and news media organizations’ tweeting strategies

Abstract This study investigates early COVID-19 communication strategies and content of four public health and four news media organizations across Australia, China, the UK, and the US on X (formerly Twitter) and their public engagement. 15,711 COVID-19-related tweets from the selected accounts post...

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Main Authors: Ting Song, Ping Yu, Brian Yecies, Jiang Ke, Haiyan Yu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90759-w
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author Ting Song
Ping Yu
Brian Yecies
Jiang Ke
Haiyan Yu
author_facet Ting Song
Ping Yu
Brian Yecies
Jiang Ke
Haiyan Yu
author_sort Ting Song
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study investigates early COVID-19 communication strategies and content of four public health and four news media organizations across Australia, China, the UK, and the US on X (formerly Twitter) and their public engagement. 15,711 COVID-19-related tweets from the selected accounts posted from January 1 to May 19, 2020, were collected using a web crawler. Public engagement was measured through replies, retweets, and likes. The tweets were grouped into 37 clusters using unsupervised learning and analyzed thematically based on the top 30 tweets per cluster. Descriptive statistics quantified the tweets and their engagement, and a chi-square test compared differences between the two organization types across topics. Six topics were identified: “policies, methods, and action”, “case updates”, “opinions and responses”, “medical research and treatment information”, “impacts and consequences”, and “health instructions and suggestions”, with five communication phases: inception, awareness, panic, spreading, and cohabitation. Analysis revealed that more hashtags and longer texts were associated with lower engagement, except for tweets on “medical research and treatment information” and “health instructions and suggestions”. Our study indicated that fewer hashtags and concise language might improve public engagement, while detailed content with more hashtags was effective for specific health instructions. Overall, tweets about treatment progress and health guidance received the most engagement.
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spelling doaj-art-1efe0b5716e4424986a55aed5b65622c2025-08-20T01:53:18ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-90759-wSocial media crisis communication and public engagement during COVID-19 analyzing public health and news media organizations’ tweeting strategiesTing Song0Ping Yu1Brian Yecies2Jiang Ke3Haiyan Yu4Centre for Digital Transformation, School of Computing and Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of WollongongCentre for Digital Transformation, School of Computing and Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of WollongongCommunication and Media, School of the Arts, English and Media, Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts, University of WollongongCentre for Digital Transformation, School of Computing and Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of WollongongSchool of Economics and Management, Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsAbstract This study investigates early COVID-19 communication strategies and content of four public health and four news media organizations across Australia, China, the UK, and the US on X (formerly Twitter) and their public engagement. 15,711 COVID-19-related tweets from the selected accounts posted from January 1 to May 19, 2020, were collected using a web crawler. Public engagement was measured through replies, retweets, and likes. The tweets were grouped into 37 clusters using unsupervised learning and analyzed thematically based on the top 30 tweets per cluster. Descriptive statistics quantified the tweets and their engagement, and a chi-square test compared differences between the two organization types across topics. Six topics were identified: “policies, methods, and action”, “case updates”, “opinions and responses”, “medical research and treatment information”, “impacts and consequences”, and “health instructions and suggestions”, with five communication phases: inception, awareness, panic, spreading, and cohabitation. Analysis revealed that more hashtags and longer texts were associated with lower engagement, except for tweets on “medical research and treatment information” and “health instructions and suggestions”. Our study indicated that fewer hashtags and concise language might improve public engagement, while detailed content with more hashtags was effective for specific health instructions. Overall, tweets about treatment progress and health guidance received the most engagement.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90759-wPublic health emergency responseHealth communicationCrisis communicationCommunity engagementInformation disseminationDigital communication
spellingShingle Ting Song
Ping Yu
Brian Yecies
Jiang Ke
Haiyan Yu
Social media crisis communication and public engagement during COVID-19 analyzing public health and news media organizations’ tweeting strategies
Scientific Reports
Public health emergency response
Health communication
Crisis communication
Community engagement
Information dissemination
Digital communication
title Social media crisis communication and public engagement during COVID-19 analyzing public health and news media organizations’ tweeting strategies
title_full Social media crisis communication and public engagement during COVID-19 analyzing public health and news media organizations’ tweeting strategies
title_fullStr Social media crisis communication and public engagement during COVID-19 analyzing public health and news media organizations’ tweeting strategies
title_full_unstemmed Social media crisis communication and public engagement during COVID-19 analyzing public health and news media organizations’ tweeting strategies
title_short Social media crisis communication and public engagement during COVID-19 analyzing public health and news media organizations’ tweeting strategies
title_sort social media crisis communication and public engagement during covid 19 analyzing public health and news media organizations tweeting strategies
topic Public health emergency response
Health communication
Crisis communication
Community engagement
Information dissemination
Digital communication
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90759-w
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