Locked-in Syndrome: Insights into Etiology, Diagnosis, Management, and Quality of Life
Locked-in Syndrome (LIS) is a rare and severe neurological condition resulting from damage to the ventral pons, leading to complete paralysis of voluntary muscles while preserving consciousness and cognitive function. This review consolidates current knowledge on the etiology, diagnosis, management...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Quality in Sport |
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| Online Access: | https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/57097 |
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| author | Urszula Zelik Wojciech Florczak Joanna Śnieżna Jakub Dziewic Karol Dzwonnik Wiktoria Domino Gabriela Trestka Maria Przygoda Jagienka Włodyka Kamila Stępień Sabina Adamczyk |
| author_facet | Urszula Zelik Wojciech Florczak Joanna Śnieżna Jakub Dziewic Karol Dzwonnik Wiktoria Domino Gabriela Trestka Maria Przygoda Jagienka Włodyka Kamila Stępień Sabina Adamczyk |
| author_sort | Urszula Zelik |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Locked-in Syndrome (LIS) is a rare and severe neurological condition resulting from damage to the ventral pons, leading to complete paralysis of voluntary muscles while preserving consciousness and cognitive function. This review consolidates current knowledge on the etiology, diagnosis, management, and quality of life in LIS, emphasizing its complexity and the need for a multidisciplinary approach.The condition’s etiological spectrum includes vascular events, trauma, infections, and demyelinating disorders, necessitating a comprehensive diagnostic approach integrating advanced neuroimaging and electrophysiological tools.
Therapeutic strategies emphasize multidisciplinary care to address acute stabilization and long-term rehabilitation. Early interventions, such as thrombolysis and respiratory support, combined with advanced neurorehabilitation techniques, have shown promise in improving outcomes. Notably, patients with LIS often report a higher-than-expected quality of life, attributed to strong social support, emotional resilience, and access to assistive technologies, highlighting the resilience of patients in adapting to extreme physical limitations.
This review underscores the importance of individualized care that aligns with patient values and emphasizes the necessity of further research. Future studies should focus on refining diagnostic methods, advancing communication technologies, and exploring the psychological dynamics affecting both patients and caregivers. By fostering a collaborative, patient-centered approach, the quality of life and care for individuals with LIS can be significantly improved.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1e059f9247684e55b8d462629784cbc4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2450-3118 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Quality in Sport |
| spelling | doaj-art-1e059f9247684e55b8d462629784cbc42025-01-23T08:24:42ZengNicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńQuality in Sport2450-31182025-01-013710.12775/QS.2025.37.57097Locked-in Syndrome: Insights into Etiology, Diagnosis, Management, and Quality of LifeUrszula Zelik0https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3369-7936Wojciech Florczak1https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8003-0999Joanna Śnieżna2https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2713-0835Jakub Dziewic3https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4338-4573Karol Dzwonnik4https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1366-3945Wiktoria Domino5https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0034-7463Gabriela Trestka6https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9504-8923Maria Przygoda7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6409-7265Jagienka Włodyka8https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7243-7023Kamila Stępień9https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3579-9308Sabina Adamczyk10https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9671-6619University Teaching Hospital them F. Chopin in Rzeszów, Poland Fryderyka Szopena 2, 35-055 Rzeszów, PolandUniwersytet Medyczny w LublinieUniwersytet Medyczny w LublinieUniwersytet Medyczny w LublinieUniwersytet Medyczny w LublinieClinical Provincial Hospital No. 2 in Rzeszów, Poland Lwowska 60, 35-501 Rzeszów, PolandClinical Provincial Hospital No. 2 in Rzeszów, Poland Lwowska 60, 35-501 Rzeszów, PolandSpecialist Hospital named after Stefan Żeromski, Independent Public Healthcare Facility (SP ZOZ), in KrakówUniversity Teaching Hospital them F. Chopin in Rzeszów, Poland Fryderyka Szopena 2, 35-055 Rzeszów, PolandIndependent Public Health Care Facility of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration in Kielce, Poland Wojska Polskiego 51, 25-375 Kielce, PolandIndependent Public Healthcare Facility of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration in Opole, Poland Locked-in Syndrome (LIS) is a rare and severe neurological condition resulting from damage to the ventral pons, leading to complete paralysis of voluntary muscles while preserving consciousness and cognitive function. This review consolidates current knowledge on the etiology, diagnosis, management, and quality of life in LIS, emphasizing its complexity and the need for a multidisciplinary approach.The condition’s etiological spectrum includes vascular events, trauma, infections, and demyelinating disorders, necessitating a comprehensive diagnostic approach integrating advanced neuroimaging and electrophysiological tools. Therapeutic strategies emphasize multidisciplinary care to address acute stabilization and long-term rehabilitation. Early interventions, such as thrombolysis and respiratory support, combined with advanced neurorehabilitation techniques, have shown promise in improving outcomes. Notably, patients with LIS often report a higher-than-expected quality of life, attributed to strong social support, emotional resilience, and access to assistive technologies, highlighting the resilience of patients in adapting to extreme physical limitations. This review underscores the importance of individualized care that aligns with patient values and emphasizes the necessity of further research. Future studies should focus on refining diagnostic methods, advancing communication technologies, and exploring the psychological dynamics affecting both patients and caregivers. By fostering a collaborative, patient-centered approach, the quality of life and care for individuals with LIS can be significantly improved. https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/57097locked-in syndromechronic disease managementquality of lifebrain damage |
| spellingShingle | Urszula Zelik Wojciech Florczak Joanna Śnieżna Jakub Dziewic Karol Dzwonnik Wiktoria Domino Gabriela Trestka Maria Przygoda Jagienka Włodyka Kamila Stępień Sabina Adamczyk Locked-in Syndrome: Insights into Etiology, Diagnosis, Management, and Quality of Life Quality in Sport locked-in syndrome chronic disease management quality of life brain damage |
| title | Locked-in Syndrome: Insights into Etiology, Diagnosis, Management, and Quality of Life |
| title_full | Locked-in Syndrome: Insights into Etiology, Diagnosis, Management, and Quality of Life |
| title_fullStr | Locked-in Syndrome: Insights into Etiology, Diagnosis, Management, and Quality of Life |
| title_full_unstemmed | Locked-in Syndrome: Insights into Etiology, Diagnosis, Management, and Quality of Life |
| title_short | Locked-in Syndrome: Insights into Etiology, Diagnosis, Management, and Quality of Life |
| title_sort | locked in syndrome insights into etiology diagnosis management and quality of life |
| topic | locked-in syndrome chronic disease management quality of life brain damage |
| url | https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/57097 |
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