Immune microenvironment in intervertebral disc degeneration: pathophysiology and therapeutic potential
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a prevalent and debilitating condition that affects millions worldwide, leading to chronic back pain and a reduced quality of life. This review shifts the focus to the pivotal role of the immune microenvironment in IDD, highlighting its dual functions—exacer...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1563635/full |
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