The effect of expired orthodontic bonding material on primary human gingival fibroblasts: In vitro study

The effect of expired orthodontic bonding material on primary human gingival fibroblasts: In vitro study

AIM: Composite resins and bonding agents are indispensable in orthodontic practice, necessitating a thorough understanding of their cytotoxic effects, particularly when expired. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of expired composite and bonding materials on human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs)...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Maysaa Z. Khojah, Abdel-Rahman Youssef, Elham N. Alsahafi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Orthodontic Science
Subjects:
bonding agent
composite
expired material
orthodontics
Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jos.jos_67_24
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