Efficacy of a problem, intervention, control, and outcomes (PICO)-based perioperative blood management plan developed for patients undergoing long-segment lumbar spine posterior surgery
Abstract Background This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a perioperative blood management plan based on the problem, intervention, control, and outcomes (PICO) model for long-segment lumbar spine posterior surgery. Methods In this retrospective study, 51 patients who needed...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-05-01
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| Series: | European Journal of Medical Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02656-7 |
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