Efficacy of a problem, intervention, control, and outcomes (PICO)-based perioperative blood management plan developed for patients undergoing long-segment lumbar spine posterior surgery

Abstract Background This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a perioperative blood management plan based on the problem, intervention, control, and outcomes (PICO) model for long-segment lumbar spine posterior surgery. Methods In this retrospective study, 51 patients who needed...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hong Gao, Ting-Ting Wang, Qin Xuan, Guan-Hua Xu, Hai-Yan Gu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:European Journal of Medical Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02656-7
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