Influence of Highly Charged Ion Irradiation on the Electrical and Memory Properties of Black Phosphorus Field‐Effect Transistors

Abstract Black phosphorus (bP) is one of the more recently discovered layered materials. Utilizing the hysteresis in the transfer characteristics of bP field‐effect transistors (FETs), several approaches to realize non‐volatile memory devices are successfully demonstrated. This hysteresis is commonl...

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Main Authors: Stephan Sleziona, Osamah Kharsah, Lucia Skopinski, Leon Daniel, Jennifer Schmeink, Marika Schleberger
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley-VCH 2025-02-01
Series:Advanced Electronic Materials
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202400318
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author Stephan Sleziona
Osamah Kharsah
Lucia Skopinski
Leon Daniel
Jennifer Schmeink
Marika Schleberger
author_facet Stephan Sleziona
Osamah Kharsah
Lucia Skopinski
Leon Daniel
Jennifer Schmeink
Marika Schleberger
author_sort Stephan Sleziona
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Black phosphorus (bP) is one of the more recently discovered layered materials. Utilizing the hysteresis in the transfer characteristics of bP field‐effect transistors (FETs), several approaches to realize non‐volatile memory devices are successfully demonstrated. This hysteresis is commonly attributed to charge trapping and detrapping in impurities and defects whose nature and location in the device are however unclear. In this work, defects are deliberately introduced into bP FETs by irradiating the devices with highly charged Xe30 + at a kinetic energy of 180 and 20 keV to manipulate their electrical and memory properties. The results show for the ion with higher energy an increase of conductance and an increase of p‐doping of up to 1.2 · 1012 cm−2 with increasing fluence, while the charge carrier mobility degrades for the higher ion fluences. Most notably, an increase in the hysteresis' width and of the memory window are observed due to the irradiation. By controlling the kinetic energy of the ions, it can be demonstrated, that the modifications of electronic properties arise from defects in bP and the underlying SiO2 substrate. However, changes in hysteretic properties are attributed exclusively to irradiation‐induced defects in the substrate, so ion irradiation can significantly improve the properties of bP based memory devices.
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spelling doaj-art-1bf79f8b48bc485191d720a8545495732025-08-20T03:47:49ZengWiley-VCHAdvanced Electronic Materials2199-160X2025-02-01112n/an/a10.1002/aelm.202400318Influence of Highly Charged Ion Irradiation on the Electrical and Memory Properties of Black Phosphorus Field‐Effect TransistorsStephan Sleziona0Osamah Kharsah1Lucia Skopinski2Leon Daniel3Jennifer Schmeink4Marika Schleberger5Faculty of Physics and CENIDE University of Duisburg‐Essen Lotharstraße 1 D‐47057 Duisburg GermanyFaculty of Physics and CENIDE University of Duisburg‐Essen Lotharstraße 1 D‐47057 Duisburg GermanyFaculty of Physics and CENIDE University of Duisburg‐Essen Lotharstraße 1 D‐47057 Duisburg GermanyFaculty of Physics and CENIDE University of Duisburg‐Essen Lotharstraße 1 D‐47057 Duisburg GermanyFaculty of Physics and CENIDE University of Duisburg‐Essen Lotharstraße 1 D‐47057 Duisburg GermanyFaculty of Physics and CENIDE University of Duisburg‐Essen Lotharstraße 1 D‐47057 Duisburg GermanyAbstract Black phosphorus (bP) is one of the more recently discovered layered materials. Utilizing the hysteresis in the transfer characteristics of bP field‐effect transistors (FETs), several approaches to realize non‐volatile memory devices are successfully demonstrated. This hysteresis is commonly attributed to charge trapping and detrapping in impurities and defects whose nature and location in the device are however unclear. In this work, defects are deliberately introduced into bP FETs by irradiating the devices with highly charged Xe30 + at a kinetic energy of 180 and 20 keV to manipulate their electrical and memory properties. The results show for the ion with higher energy an increase of conductance and an increase of p‐doping of up to 1.2 · 1012 cm−2 with increasing fluence, while the charge carrier mobility degrades for the higher ion fluences. Most notably, an increase in the hysteresis' width and of the memory window are observed due to the irradiation. By controlling the kinetic energy of the ions, it can be demonstrated, that the modifications of electronic properties arise from defects in bP and the underlying SiO2 substrate. However, changes in hysteretic properties are attributed exclusively to irradiation‐induced defects in the substrate, so ion irradiation can significantly improve the properties of bP based memory devices.https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.2024003182D materialsblack phosphorusdefectsfield‐effect transistorion irradiationnon‐volatile memory device
spellingShingle Stephan Sleziona
Osamah Kharsah
Lucia Skopinski
Leon Daniel
Jennifer Schmeink
Marika Schleberger
Influence of Highly Charged Ion Irradiation on the Electrical and Memory Properties of Black Phosphorus Field‐Effect Transistors
Advanced Electronic Materials
2D materials
black phosphorus
defects
field‐effect transistor
ion irradiation
non‐volatile memory device
title Influence of Highly Charged Ion Irradiation on the Electrical and Memory Properties of Black Phosphorus Field‐Effect Transistors
title_full Influence of Highly Charged Ion Irradiation on the Electrical and Memory Properties of Black Phosphorus Field‐Effect Transistors
title_fullStr Influence of Highly Charged Ion Irradiation on the Electrical and Memory Properties of Black Phosphorus Field‐Effect Transistors
title_full_unstemmed Influence of Highly Charged Ion Irradiation on the Electrical and Memory Properties of Black Phosphorus Field‐Effect Transistors
title_short Influence of Highly Charged Ion Irradiation on the Electrical and Memory Properties of Black Phosphorus Field‐Effect Transistors
title_sort influence of highly charged ion irradiation on the electrical and memory properties of black phosphorus field effect transistors
topic 2D materials
black phosphorus
defects
field‐effect transistor
ion irradiation
non‐volatile memory device
url https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202400318
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