A Two-Segment Continuum Robot with Piecewise Stiffness for Tracheal Intubation and Active Decoupling

This study presents a two-segment continuum robot with piecewise stiffness, designed to enhance the precision, adaptability, and safety of tracheal intubation procedures. The robot employs a continuum manipulator (CM) as its end-effector, featuring a proximal segment (PS) with an aluminum alloy inte...

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Main Authors: Jianhao Tang, Lingfeng Sang, Junjie Tian, Qiqi Pan, Yuan Han, Wenxian Li, Yu Tian, Hongbo Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Actuators
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/14/5/228
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author Jianhao Tang
Lingfeng Sang
Junjie Tian
Qiqi Pan
Yuan Han
Wenxian Li
Yu Tian
Hongbo Wang
author_facet Jianhao Tang
Lingfeng Sang
Junjie Tian
Qiqi Pan
Yuan Han
Wenxian Li
Yu Tian
Hongbo Wang
author_sort Jianhao Tang
collection DOAJ
description This study presents a two-segment continuum robot with piecewise stiffness, designed to enhance the precision, adaptability, and safety of tracheal intubation procedures. The robot employs a continuum manipulator (CM) as its end-effector, featuring a proximal segment (PS) with an aluminum alloy interlocking joint, which provides high axial stiffness for stable insertion, and a distal segment (DS) with a micro-nano resin-based notched structure, offering increased flexibility and compliance to navigate complex anatomical structures such as the epiglottis and vocal cords, thereby reducing airway trauma. To describe the motion behavior of the robot, a piecewise variable curvature kinematic model is developed, capturing the deformation characteristics of each segment under actuation. Furthermore, a piecewise stiffness analysis is conducted to determine the axial and bending stiffness of each segment, ensuring an appropriate balance between stability and flexibility. To enhance control precision, an active tendon-driven decoupling control strategy is introduced, effectively minimizing the interaction forces between flexible segments and improving end-effector maneuverability. The results demonstrate that the proposed design significantly improves the adaptability of the tracheal intubation robot, ensuring controlled insertion while reducing the risk of excessive force on the airway walls. This study provides theoretical and technical insights into the mechanical design and control strategies of continuum robots, contributing to the safety and efficiency of tracheal intubation.
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spelling doaj-art-1af9edd7587541aeaf46a95c3cab9f9e2025-08-20T02:33:43ZengMDPI AGActuators2076-08252025-05-0114522810.3390/act14050228A Two-Segment Continuum Robot with Piecewise Stiffness for Tracheal Intubation and Active DecouplingJianhao Tang0Lingfeng Sang1Junjie Tian2Qiqi Pan3Yuan Han4Wenxian Li5Yu Tian6Hongbo Wang7Academy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaNingbo Key Laboratory of Aging Health Equipment and Service Technology, Ningbo Polytechnic, Ningbo 315800, ChinaAcademy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaAcademy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, ChinaAcademy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaThis study presents a two-segment continuum robot with piecewise stiffness, designed to enhance the precision, adaptability, and safety of tracheal intubation procedures. The robot employs a continuum manipulator (CM) as its end-effector, featuring a proximal segment (PS) with an aluminum alloy interlocking joint, which provides high axial stiffness for stable insertion, and a distal segment (DS) with a micro-nano resin-based notched structure, offering increased flexibility and compliance to navigate complex anatomical structures such as the epiglottis and vocal cords, thereby reducing airway trauma. To describe the motion behavior of the robot, a piecewise variable curvature kinematic model is developed, capturing the deformation characteristics of each segment under actuation. Furthermore, a piecewise stiffness analysis is conducted to determine the axial and bending stiffness of each segment, ensuring an appropriate balance between stability and flexibility. To enhance control precision, an active tendon-driven decoupling control strategy is introduced, effectively minimizing the interaction forces between flexible segments and improving end-effector maneuverability. The results demonstrate that the proposed design significantly improves the adaptability of the tracheal intubation robot, ensuring controlled insertion while reducing the risk of excessive force on the airway walls. This study provides theoretical and technical insights into the mechanical design and control strategies of continuum robots, contributing to the safety and efficiency of tracheal intubation.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/14/5/228tracheal intubationcontinuum manipulatorpiecewise stiffnessactive decouplingtendon-driven
spellingShingle Jianhao Tang
Lingfeng Sang
Junjie Tian
Qiqi Pan
Yuan Han
Wenxian Li
Yu Tian
Hongbo Wang
A Two-Segment Continuum Robot with Piecewise Stiffness for Tracheal Intubation and Active Decoupling
Actuators
tracheal intubation
continuum manipulator
piecewise stiffness
active decoupling
tendon-driven
title A Two-Segment Continuum Robot with Piecewise Stiffness for Tracheal Intubation and Active Decoupling
title_full A Two-Segment Continuum Robot with Piecewise Stiffness for Tracheal Intubation and Active Decoupling
title_fullStr A Two-Segment Continuum Robot with Piecewise Stiffness for Tracheal Intubation and Active Decoupling
title_full_unstemmed A Two-Segment Continuum Robot with Piecewise Stiffness for Tracheal Intubation and Active Decoupling
title_short A Two-Segment Continuum Robot with Piecewise Stiffness for Tracheal Intubation and Active Decoupling
title_sort two segment continuum robot with piecewise stiffness for tracheal intubation and active decoupling
topic tracheal intubation
continuum manipulator
piecewise stiffness
active decoupling
tendon-driven
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/14/5/228
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