Successful sequential treatment with ofatumumab followed by efgartigimod for refractory autoimmune encephalitis with dual anti-NMDAR and anti-GFAP antibody positivity: first case report

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a heterogeneous disorder mediated by autoantibodies targeting neuronal or glial antigens, with anti-NMDAR encephalitis being the most common subtype, while cases with dual antibody positivity remain exceedingly rare. Standard treatment involves stepwise immunotherapy,...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xin Tu, Xi Liu, Niao Yang, Dong Sun, Bin Mei, Nao Yan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1640281/full
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