Global water-nutrient-salinity-energy nexus in lettuce production: From open-field irrigation to closed-loop hydroponics in greenhouses

Hydroponic greenhouse production is a proven approach to enhancing resource efficiency and overcoming limitations related to land availability, soil degradation, and climate variability. However, assessing the benefits and challenges of transitioning to greenhouses remains underexplored. This study...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Saeed Karimzadeh, Andre Daccache, Maria Cristina Rulli, Md Shamim Ahamed
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Agriculture and Food Research
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154325003060
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