Food borne toxicants in coffee: Acrylamide and furan derivative content in Arabica and Robusta coffees with different roasting profiles and varying degrees of roast

To evaluate mitigation options for both acrylamide and furan and methylfurans a Vietnam Robusta grade 2 and a Brazil Arabica (unwashed) coffee were roasted by tangential, drum and hot air roasting. Three different roasting profiles were followed and three samples (light, medium and dark roast) were...

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Main Authors: Ulrich H. Engelhardt, Ina Bahar, Ulf Delker
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Maximum Academic Press 2023-01-01
Series:Beverage Plant Research
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Online Access:https://www.maxapress.com/article/doi/10.48130/BPR-2023-0008
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author Ulrich H. Engelhardt
Ina Bahar
Ulf Delker
author_facet Ulrich H. Engelhardt
Ina Bahar
Ulf Delker
author_sort Ulrich H. Engelhardt
collection DOAJ
description To evaluate mitigation options for both acrylamide and furan and methylfurans a Vietnam Robusta grade 2 and a Brazil Arabica (unwashed) coffee were roasted by tangential, drum and hot air roasting. Three different roasting profiles were followed and three samples (light, medium and dark roast) were obtained per profile. Decaffeinated and steam treated batches of the two coffees were roasted. Special roasts, such as double roast (on 2 days with cooling down in between) or roasting with a sudden temperature change were studied. The contaminants were analyzed by GC-MS – in case of the furans headspace GC-MS – using deuterated standards.The acrylamide contents were highest in light roasts, and decreased after that with longer roasting time. This was true for both the Robusta and Arabica samples. The content of furan and 2-, 3- and 2, 5-methylfurans were low in light roasts and had a maximum in dark roasts. It is possible to minimize the content of either acrylamide and furans, however, a mitigation of both could not be established by changing the roasting parameters or using pretreatments. Among the furans determined, 2-methylfuran was most abundant (average around 70%), followed by furan (average around 20%). The special roasts showed no options to minimize both contaminants as did the pretreatments. In Vietnam Robusta, furan related compounds were measured. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfuryl-2-carboxylic acid decreased with the degree of roast and time, while furfuryl alcohol and 2-furoic acid content increased.
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spelling doaj-art-18b9c26befab4c1d87cdbc747ca310812025-08-20T02:27:12ZengMaximum Academic PressBeverage Plant Research2769-21082023-01-01311810.48130/BPR-2023-0008BPR-2023-0008Food borne toxicants in coffee: Acrylamide and furan derivative content in Arabica and Robusta coffees with different roasting profiles and varying degrees of roastUlrich H. Engelhardt0Ina Bahar1Ulf Delker2Institute of Food Chemistry, Schleinitzstr. 20, D-38106 Braunschweig, GermanyInstitute of Food Chemistry, Schleinitzstr. 20, D-38106 Braunschweig, GermanyInstitute of Food Chemistry, Schleinitzstr. 20, D-38106 Braunschweig, GermanyTo evaluate mitigation options for both acrylamide and furan and methylfurans a Vietnam Robusta grade 2 and a Brazil Arabica (unwashed) coffee were roasted by tangential, drum and hot air roasting. Three different roasting profiles were followed and three samples (light, medium and dark roast) were obtained per profile. Decaffeinated and steam treated batches of the two coffees were roasted. Special roasts, such as double roast (on 2 days with cooling down in between) or roasting with a sudden temperature change were studied. The contaminants were analyzed by GC-MS – in case of the furans headspace GC-MS – using deuterated standards.The acrylamide contents were highest in light roasts, and decreased after that with longer roasting time. This was true for both the Robusta and Arabica samples. The content of furan and 2-, 3- and 2, 5-methylfurans were low in light roasts and had a maximum in dark roasts. It is possible to minimize the content of either acrylamide and furans, however, a mitigation of both could not be established by changing the roasting parameters or using pretreatments. Among the furans determined, 2-methylfuran was most abundant (average around 70%), followed by furan (average around 20%). The special roasts showed no options to minimize both contaminants as did the pretreatments. In Vietnam Robusta, furan related compounds were measured. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfuryl-2-carboxylic acid decreased with the degree of roast and time, while furfuryl alcohol and 2-furoic acid content increased.https://www.maxapress.com/article/doi/10.48130/BPR-2023-0008coffeefood borne toxicantsacrylamidefuranmethylfurans
spellingShingle Ulrich H. Engelhardt
Ina Bahar
Ulf Delker
Food borne toxicants in coffee: Acrylamide and furan derivative content in Arabica and Robusta coffees with different roasting profiles and varying degrees of roast
Beverage Plant Research
coffee
food borne toxicants
acrylamide
furan
methylfurans
title Food borne toxicants in coffee: Acrylamide and furan derivative content in Arabica and Robusta coffees with different roasting profiles and varying degrees of roast
title_full Food borne toxicants in coffee: Acrylamide and furan derivative content in Arabica and Robusta coffees with different roasting profiles and varying degrees of roast
title_fullStr Food borne toxicants in coffee: Acrylamide and furan derivative content in Arabica and Robusta coffees with different roasting profiles and varying degrees of roast
title_full_unstemmed Food borne toxicants in coffee: Acrylamide and furan derivative content in Arabica and Robusta coffees with different roasting profiles and varying degrees of roast
title_short Food borne toxicants in coffee: Acrylamide and furan derivative content in Arabica and Robusta coffees with different roasting profiles and varying degrees of roast
title_sort food borne toxicants in coffee acrylamide and furan derivative content in arabica and robusta coffees with different roasting profiles and varying degrees of roast
topic coffee
food borne toxicants
acrylamide
furan
methylfurans
url https://www.maxapress.com/article/doi/10.48130/BPR-2023-0008
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