Feasibility study of the integrated septic tank with trickling filter for the municipal wastewater treatment in small communities

Abstract In response to increasing water scarcity and the pressing need for cost-effective and sustainable wastewater solutions, particularly in small communities, this study investigates the performance and feasibility of a simple, low-cost decentralized hybrid system combining a septic tank with a...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Abbas Abbasnia, Amir Adibzadeh, Ghader Ghanizadeh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-08-01
Series:Discover Sustainability
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-01620-z
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