Novel insights into ORFV B2L DNA vaccine-mediated gut microbiota modulation and immune augmentation in rats

The Orf virus (ORFV) poses a significant threat to livestock and human health, causing economic losses in the livestock industry and potential zoonotic infections. Given the limitations of current vaccines, the objective of this study was to investigate the immune response and gut microbiota modulat...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Umar Farooq, Guiqiong Liu, Sohail Ahmed, Huiguo Yang, Mehboob Ahmed, Xunping Jiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1598969/full
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