Smartphone addiction and musculoskeletal associated disorders in university students: biomechanical measures and questionnaire survey analysis

Abstract Background Smartphone addiction significantly impacts the musculoskeletal system, with 79% of younger adults aged 18–44 reporting excessive cell phone use. In addition, rare data exist on the roles of biological markers like 5-HT receptors, oxidative stress markers (TAC, MDA), collagen biom...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ahmad H. Alghadir, Sami A. Gabr, Ashraf A. Rizk, Talal Alghadir, Faisal Alghadir, Amir Iqbal
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:European Journal of Medical Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02413-w
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