Restoring immune tolerance in pre-RA: immunometabolic dialogue between gut microbiota and regulatory T cells

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex chronic autoimmune disease that remains incurable for most patients. With advances in our understanding of the disease’s natural history, the concept of pre-RA has emerged as a window of opportunity to intervene before irreversible joint damage occurs. Numerous...

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Main Authors: Anqi Gao, Ruihe Wu, Yanfei Mu, Ruqing Jin, Saixin Jiang, Chong Gao, Xiaofeng Li, Caihong Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1565133/full
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author Anqi Gao
Anqi Gao
Anqi Gao
Ruihe Wu
Ruihe Wu
Ruihe Wu
Yanfei Mu
Yanfei Mu
Yanfei Mu
Ruqing Jin
Ruqing Jin
Ruqing Jin
Saixin Jiang
Saixin Jiang
Saixin Jiang
Chong Gao
Xiaofeng Li
Xiaofeng Li
Xiaofeng Li
Caihong Wang
Caihong Wang
Caihong Wang
author_facet Anqi Gao
Anqi Gao
Anqi Gao
Ruihe Wu
Ruihe Wu
Ruihe Wu
Yanfei Mu
Yanfei Mu
Yanfei Mu
Ruqing Jin
Ruqing Jin
Ruqing Jin
Saixin Jiang
Saixin Jiang
Saixin Jiang
Chong Gao
Xiaofeng Li
Xiaofeng Li
Xiaofeng Li
Caihong Wang
Caihong Wang
Caihong Wang
author_sort Anqi Gao
collection DOAJ
description Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex chronic autoimmune disease that remains incurable for most patients. With advances in our understanding of the disease’s natural history, the concept of pre-RA has emerged as a window of opportunity to intervene before irreversible joint damage occurs. Numerous studies have indicated that the key step driving autoimmunity in early pre-RA lies at an extra-articular site, which is closely related to the regulatory T (Treg) cell-established immune tolerance to the gut microbiota. The intricate immunometabolic crosstalk between Treg cells and the gut microbiota is beginning to be understood, with the re-recognition of Treg cells as metabolic sensors in recent years. In the future, deciphering their immunometabolic dialogue may help to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of pre-RA. Identifying novel biological pathways in the pre-RA stage will bring insights into restoring immune tolerance, thereby potentially curing or preventing the onset of RA.
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issn 1664-3224
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Immunology
spelling doaj-art-1438fc5156b14cfa973c7fdbe2e1d6a22025-08-20T02:50:45ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-03-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15651331565133Restoring immune tolerance in pre-RA: immunometabolic dialogue between gut microbiota and regulatory T cellsAnqi Gao0Anqi Gao1Anqi Gao2Ruihe Wu3Ruihe Wu4Ruihe Wu5Yanfei Mu6Yanfei Mu7Yanfei Mu8Ruqing Jin9Ruqing Jin10Ruqing Jin11Saixin Jiang12Saixin Jiang13Saixin Jiang14Chong Gao15Xiaofeng Li16Xiaofeng Li17Xiaofeng Li18Caihong Wang19Caihong Wang20Caihong Wang21Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology, Shanxi Precision Medical Engineering Research Center for Rheumatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology, Shanxi Precision Medical Engineering Research Center for Rheumatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology, Shanxi Precision Medical Engineering Research Center for Rheumatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology, Shanxi Precision Medical Engineering Research Center for Rheumatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology, Shanxi Precision Medical Engineering Research Center for Rheumatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaPathology, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United StatesDepartment of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology, Shanxi Precision Medical Engineering Research Center for Rheumatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology, Shanxi Precision Medical Engineering Research Center for Rheumatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex chronic autoimmune disease that remains incurable for most patients. With advances in our understanding of the disease’s natural history, the concept of pre-RA has emerged as a window of opportunity to intervene before irreversible joint damage occurs. Numerous studies have indicated that the key step driving autoimmunity in early pre-RA lies at an extra-articular site, which is closely related to the regulatory T (Treg) cell-established immune tolerance to the gut microbiota. The intricate immunometabolic crosstalk between Treg cells and the gut microbiota is beginning to be understood, with the re-recognition of Treg cells as metabolic sensors in recent years. In the future, deciphering their immunometabolic dialogue may help to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of pre-RA. Identifying novel biological pathways in the pre-RA stage will bring insights into restoring immune tolerance, thereby potentially curing or preventing the onset of RA.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1565133/fullrheumatoid arthritispre-RAregulatory T cellgut microbiotaimmunometabolism
spellingShingle Anqi Gao
Anqi Gao
Anqi Gao
Ruihe Wu
Ruihe Wu
Ruihe Wu
Yanfei Mu
Yanfei Mu
Yanfei Mu
Ruqing Jin
Ruqing Jin
Ruqing Jin
Saixin Jiang
Saixin Jiang
Saixin Jiang
Chong Gao
Xiaofeng Li
Xiaofeng Li
Xiaofeng Li
Caihong Wang
Caihong Wang
Caihong Wang
Restoring immune tolerance in pre-RA: immunometabolic dialogue between gut microbiota and regulatory T cells
Frontiers in Immunology
rheumatoid arthritis
pre-RA
regulatory T cell
gut microbiota
immunometabolism
title Restoring immune tolerance in pre-RA: immunometabolic dialogue between gut microbiota and regulatory T cells
title_full Restoring immune tolerance in pre-RA: immunometabolic dialogue between gut microbiota and regulatory T cells
title_fullStr Restoring immune tolerance in pre-RA: immunometabolic dialogue between gut microbiota and regulatory T cells
title_full_unstemmed Restoring immune tolerance in pre-RA: immunometabolic dialogue between gut microbiota and regulatory T cells
title_short Restoring immune tolerance in pre-RA: immunometabolic dialogue between gut microbiota and regulatory T cells
title_sort restoring immune tolerance in pre ra immunometabolic dialogue between gut microbiota and regulatory t cells
topic rheumatoid arthritis
pre-RA
regulatory T cell
gut microbiota
immunometabolism
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1565133/full
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