Evaluation of the parasympathetic tone activity (PTA) for posttraumatic pain assessment in awake dogs before orthopaedic surgery - A prospective non-randomised clinical study
Abstract Study design A prospective non-randomised clinical study. Animals A study group with 18 posttraumatic dogs before surgery and a control group with nine healthy dogs. Methods Two different examiners evaluated the pain using two multidimensional pain scales (the Canine Acute Pain Scale of the...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-02-01
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| Series: | BMC Veterinary Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04561-x |
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