A Food Pyramid and Nutritional Strategies for Managing Nausea and Vomiting During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review

Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) affect up to 85% of pregnant women and usually begin between the 4th and 7th weeks of gestation, and symptoms often peak around the 9th week and generally resolve by the 20th week in most cases, with severe cases termed hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) impacting...

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Main Authors: Mariangela Rondanelli, Simone Perna, Carlo Cattaneo, Clara Gasparri, Gaetan Claude Barrile, Alessia Moroni, Leonardo Minonne, Alessandro Lazzarotti, Francesca Mansueto, Giuseppe Mazzola
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/3/373
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author Mariangela Rondanelli
Simone Perna
Carlo Cattaneo
Clara Gasparri
Gaetan Claude Barrile
Alessia Moroni
Leonardo Minonne
Alessandro Lazzarotti
Francesca Mansueto
Giuseppe Mazzola
author_facet Mariangela Rondanelli
Simone Perna
Carlo Cattaneo
Clara Gasparri
Gaetan Claude Barrile
Alessia Moroni
Leonardo Minonne
Alessandro Lazzarotti
Francesca Mansueto
Giuseppe Mazzola
author_sort Mariangela Rondanelli
collection DOAJ
description Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) affect up to 85% of pregnant women and usually begin between the 4th and 7th weeks of gestation, and symptoms often peak around the 9th week and generally resolve by the 20th week in most cases, with severe cases termed hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) impacting physical and psychological health. This review aims to provide a structured dietary approach to managing NVP by developing a food pyramid specifically for this population, based on a systematic evaluation of dietary evidence. The findings highlight the beneficial effects of dietary patterns rich in fruits, vegetables, and protein sources in reducing NVP symptoms. Protein intake is shown to alleviate nausea and vomiting by stabilizing gastric motility and addressing nutritional deficiencies. The review also explores the potential benefits of herbal supplements, like ginger and vitamin B6. By integrating these dietary strategies with pharmacological treatments, a more holistic approach to managing NVP can be achieved, enhancing both maternal well-being and fetal health. The proposed food pyramid emphasizes glycemic stability, hydration, and gradual nutrient intake, offering a structured dietary guide for pregnant women experiencing NVP and HG.
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spelling doaj-art-113728cec43a438f9c294cafdfb36b752025-08-20T03:12:35ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-01-0114337310.3390/foods14030373A Food Pyramid and Nutritional Strategies for Managing Nausea and Vomiting During Pregnancy: A Systematic ReviewMariangela Rondanelli0Simone Perna1Carlo Cattaneo2Clara Gasparri3Gaetan Claude Barrile4Alessia Moroni5Leonardo Minonne6Alessandro Lazzarotti7Francesca Mansueto8Giuseppe Mazzola9Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, ItalyEndocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyEndocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyEndocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyEndocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyEndocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyEndocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyEndocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyEndocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyNausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) affect up to 85% of pregnant women and usually begin between the 4th and 7th weeks of gestation, and symptoms often peak around the 9th week and generally resolve by the 20th week in most cases, with severe cases termed hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) impacting physical and psychological health. This review aims to provide a structured dietary approach to managing NVP by developing a food pyramid specifically for this population, based on a systematic evaluation of dietary evidence. The findings highlight the beneficial effects of dietary patterns rich in fruits, vegetables, and protein sources in reducing NVP symptoms. Protein intake is shown to alleviate nausea and vomiting by stabilizing gastric motility and addressing nutritional deficiencies. The review also explores the potential benefits of herbal supplements, like ginger and vitamin B6. By integrating these dietary strategies with pharmacological treatments, a more holistic approach to managing NVP can be achieved, enhancing both maternal well-being and fetal health. The proposed food pyramid emphasizes glycemic stability, hydration, and gradual nutrient intake, offering a structured dietary guide for pregnant women experiencing NVP and HG.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/3/373nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP)hyperemesis gravidarum (HG)nutritional strategiesfood pyramidpregnancy nutrition
spellingShingle Mariangela Rondanelli
Simone Perna
Carlo Cattaneo
Clara Gasparri
Gaetan Claude Barrile
Alessia Moroni
Leonardo Minonne
Alessandro Lazzarotti
Francesca Mansueto
Giuseppe Mazzola
A Food Pyramid and Nutritional Strategies for Managing Nausea and Vomiting During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review
Foods
nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP)
hyperemesis gravidarum (HG)
nutritional strategies
food pyramid
pregnancy nutrition
title A Food Pyramid and Nutritional Strategies for Managing Nausea and Vomiting During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review
title_full A Food Pyramid and Nutritional Strategies for Managing Nausea and Vomiting During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr A Food Pyramid and Nutritional Strategies for Managing Nausea and Vomiting During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed A Food Pyramid and Nutritional Strategies for Managing Nausea and Vomiting During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review
title_short A Food Pyramid and Nutritional Strategies for Managing Nausea and Vomiting During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review
title_sort food pyramid and nutritional strategies for managing nausea and vomiting during pregnancy a systematic review
topic nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP)
hyperemesis gravidarum (HG)
nutritional strategies
food pyramid
pregnancy nutrition
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/3/373
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