Impact of dietary protein levels on growth, immune response, digestibility, intestinal microbiota, and transcriptome in Litopenaeus vannamei fed cottonseed protein concentrate

This study investigated the effects of dietary protein levels on Litopenaeus vannamei using cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) as the primary protein source. L. vannamei (initial body weight = 0.42 ± 0.01 g) were fed diets containing 32 % (CPC32), 36 % (CPC36), 40 % (CPC40), 44 % (CPC44), and 48 %...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hongming Wang, Xin Hu, Jian Chen, Yudong Zheng, Beiping Tan, Lili Shi, Shuang Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Aquaculture Reports
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513425001486
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