Optimal control analysis to reduce the health complexity of co-infection with COVID-19 and kidney disease

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic remains a serious health risk, especially with diseases like kidney disease. There is no information in the literature on co-infection of kidney disease with COVID-19. Therefore, the current study introduces a deterministic mathematical model to explore the co-infectio...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Md. Abdul Hye, Md. Haider Ali Biswas, Mohammed Forhad Uddin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05755-x
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