GENETIC BIOMARKERS OF GLIAL BRAIN TUMORS: IDH1 AND IDH2 MUTATIONS

Introduction. Mutations in the isocytrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 genes (IDH1 and IDH2) are considered driver genetic events in gliomas. Their frequency reaches 7080 % in low-grade gliomas and in secondary glioblastomas, and their oncogenic effect is realized by accumulation of the metabolite 2-hydrox...

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Main Authors: M. Yu. Prokudin, B. V. Martynov, D. V. Svistov, I. V. Litvinenko, E. N. Imyanitov, V. S. Chirsky, S. E. Bushurov, A. I. Yakovenko, K. A. Chemodakova, O. A. Klitsenko, O. A. Gorustovich, G. F. Medvedeva, A. R. Bulatov
Format: Article
Language:Russian
Published: Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk National Research Medical Center 2020-09-01
Series:Сибирский онкологический журнал
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Online Access:https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/1530
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Summary:Introduction. Mutations in the isocytrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 genes (IDH1 and IDH2) are considered driver genetic events in gliomas. Their frequency reaches 7080 % in low-grade gliomas and in secondary glioblastomas, and their oncogenic effect is realized by accumulation of the metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate, which disrupts DNA and protein methylation processes. The aim of the study was to analyze the associations between the presence of IDH1/2 mutations and clinical and morphological parameters of glial tumors. Material and Methods. The study included 147 patients with glial brain tumors. Associations between IDH1/2 status and tumor histological type, age of disease onset, tumor localization, and clinical manifestations were investigated. Results. Gliomas containing IDH1/2 mutations were characterized by a younger age at diagnosis (mean: 39.5 years) compared to IDH-negative cases (47.2 years) (p<0.01). IDH1/2-mutated tumors were more often localized in the frontal (53.4 %) and parietal lobes (61.3 %) than in the other areas of the brain (p<0.05). It was demonstrated that the incidence of epilepsy was significantly higher among patients with IDH1/2 genetic defects (69.2 % vs. 48.2 %, p<0.05). Patients with IDH1/2 mutations had more favorable course of the disease. Among individuals with a combination of these factors (localization of the tumor in the frontal or parietal lobe, presence of epilepsy, age younger than 39 years), the frequency of IDH1/2 mutations reached 21/27 (77.8 %), which was significantly higher than that in all other patients (44/119 (37.0 %), OR = 5.97, 95 % CI: 2.2415.91, p<0.001). Conclusion. The presence of IDH1/2 genetic defects is associated with localization of glial tumors in the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain, earlier age at disease onset and the presence of epileptic syndrome.
ISSN:1814-4861
2312-3168