Response of host immune system to tick borne encephalitis virus

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV, Flaviviridae), a small enveloped flavivirus with an unsegmented positive-stranded RNA genome, is the most prominent member of the mammalian group of tick-borne flaviviruses. TBEV, originally isolated in 1937, is identified as Orthoflavivirus encephalitidis now. T...

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Main Authors: Iveta Stibraniova, Pavlina Bartikova, Jozef Dzubara
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-01-01
Series:Acta Virologica
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/av.2024.12936/full
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author Iveta Stibraniova
Pavlina Bartikova
Jozef Dzubara
author_facet Iveta Stibraniova
Pavlina Bartikova
Jozef Dzubara
author_sort Iveta Stibraniova
collection DOAJ
description Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV, Flaviviridae), a small enveloped flavivirus with an unsegmented positive-stranded RNA genome, is the most prominent member of the mammalian group of tick-borne flaviviruses. TBEV, originally isolated in 1937, is identified as Orthoflavivirus encephalitidis now. TBEV causes the most important arboviral disease of the human central nervous system (CNS) in Europe and Northeast Asia. It is transmitted to hosts primarily by ticks of the genus Ixodes and Dermacentor, but can also be acquired by ingestion of infected unpasteurized dairy products. Approximately one-third of all human TBEV infections are associated with severe clinical neurological disease. The remaining two-thirds are asymptomatic or present with mild clinical symptoms. In hosts, TBEV tend to induce different types of immune effector mechanisms. Components of innate immunity - natural killer cells, complement proteins, macrophages and dendritic cells usually provide rapid and intense protection in the acute phase of infectious diseases. In turn, cell-mediated immunity provided by T and B lymphocytes plays an important role in virus clearance and protective immunity, and thus influences the outcome of disease. The virus-host relationship is not passive. Therefore, viruses themselves respond actively to host immune defence activities. This is made possible by a number of mechanisms that ensure their escape from the host’s immune surveillance. The aim of this review is to summarize the history of the last 50 years as well as advances in research on the immunology of TBEV, specifically in the Central European area.
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spelling doaj-art-103a670df0d149958061cccf69d299be2025-01-03T04:11:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Acta Virologica1336-23052025-01-016810.3389/av.2024.1293612936Response of host immune system to tick borne encephalitis virusIveta StibraniovaPavlina BartikovaJozef DzubaraTick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV, Flaviviridae), a small enveloped flavivirus with an unsegmented positive-stranded RNA genome, is the most prominent member of the mammalian group of tick-borne flaviviruses. TBEV, originally isolated in 1937, is identified as Orthoflavivirus encephalitidis now. TBEV causes the most important arboviral disease of the human central nervous system (CNS) in Europe and Northeast Asia. It is transmitted to hosts primarily by ticks of the genus Ixodes and Dermacentor, but can also be acquired by ingestion of infected unpasteurized dairy products. Approximately one-third of all human TBEV infections are associated with severe clinical neurological disease. The remaining two-thirds are asymptomatic or present with mild clinical symptoms. In hosts, TBEV tend to induce different types of immune effector mechanisms. Components of innate immunity - natural killer cells, complement proteins, macrophages and dendritic cells usually provide rapid and intense protection in the acute phase of infectious diseases. In turn, cell-mediated immunity provided by T and B lymphocytes plays an important role in virus clearance and protective immunity, and thus influences the outcome of disease. The virus-host relationship is not passive. Therefore, viruses themselves respond actively to host immune defence activities. This is made possible by a number of mechanisms that ensure their escape from the host’s immune surveillance. The aim of this review is to summarize the history of the last 50 years as well as advances in research on the immunology of TBEV, specifically in the Central European area.https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/av.2024.12936/fulltick-borne encephalisinnate immunityadaptive immunitycentral Europeinflammation
spellingShingle Iveta Stibraniova
Pavlina Bartikova
Jozef Dzubara
Response of host immune system to tick borne encephalitis virus
Acta Virologica
tick-borne encephalis
innate immunity
adaptive immunity
central Europe
inflammation
title Response of host immune system to tick borne encephalitis virus
title_full Response of host immune system to tick borne encephalitis virus
title_fullStr Response of host immune system to tick borne encephalitis virus
title_full_unstemmed Response of host immune system to tick borne encephalitis virus
title_short Response of host immune system to tick borne encephalitis virus
title_sort response of host immune system to tick borne encephalitis virus
topic tick-borne encephalis
innate immunity
adaptive immunity
central Europe
inflammation
url https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/av.2024.12936/full
work_keys_str_mv AT ivetastibraniova responseofhostimmunesystemtotickborneencephalitisvirus
AT pavlinabartikova responseofhostimmunesystemtotickborneencephalitisvirus
AT jozefdzubara responseofhostimmunesystemtotickborneencephalitisvirus