Association of hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio with diabetic retinopathy risk and severity

BackgroundDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness in diabetic patients, driven by inflammation, oxidative stress, and hypoxia. The hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio (HRR) is a novel inflammatory marker reflecting these pathological mechanisms. This study aimed to inve...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Bin Wang, Hui Li, Lin Wang, Zaihong Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Endocrinology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1622460/full
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