Quantitative relationship between hippocampal injury and mechanical load and body weight in closed head injury of male rats using quadratic orthogonal regression
Abstract Memory dysfunction, a common symptom following closed head impact injuries, suggests deficits in hippocampal function. This defect is thought to be related to impact strength and individual animal weight. In this study, head impact experiments were performed on male Sprague Dawley rats to e...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-05-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00108-0 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850190456570249216 |
|---|---|
| author | Peng Wang Xuewei Song Qiushi Wang Jinlong Qiu Xiyan Zhu Tianming Yu Hongyi Xiang Hui Zhao |
| author_facet | Peng Wang Xuewei Song Qiushi Wang Jinlong Qiu Xiyan Zhu Tianming Yu Hongyi Xiang Hui Zhao |
| author_sort | Peng Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Memory dysfunction, a common symptom following closed head impact injuries, suggests deficits in hippocampal function. This defect is thought to be related to impact strength and individual animal weight. In this study, head impact experiments were performed on male Sprague Dawley rats to establish a quantitative relationship between impact strength, body weight and hippocampal injury. A two-factor, three-level experimental design was established using the L9(34) orthogonal table, with impact strength and body weight as the variables. According to the protocol, rats were injured using a BIM-IV animal impact machine, and the effects of impact strength and body weight factors on hippocampal injury were evaluated by the results of Morris water maze and hematoxylin–eosin staining of the hippocampus at 24 h post-injury. Using the percentage of cell loss in the hippocampus as an indicator, quadratic regression models were established to describe the effects of impact strength and body weight on cell loss in the CA1, CA3, and DG regions of the hippocampus. The results revealed a quadratic, non-linear relationship between impact strength, body weight and the percentage of cell loss in these regions. Specifically, increasing impact strength resulted in a higher proportion of cell loss, whereas increasing body weight was associated with a reduction in cell loss. Consistent with these pathological findings, higher impact strength prolonged the time required for rats to locate the hidden platform in the Morris water maze, while higher body weight shortened the platform-finding time under the same impact strength. The quadratic orthogonal regression equations for hippocampal injury as a function of mechanical load and body weight provide valuable insights for predicting hippocampal damage and understanding its underlying mechanisms. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0e598ffbe93148ad83bc9199a57de2fe |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-0e598ffbe93148ad83bc9199a57de2fe2025-08-20T02:15:16ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-00108-0Quantitative relationship between hippocampal injury and mechanical load and body weight in closed head injury of male rats using quadratic orthogonal regressionPeng Wang0Xuewei Song1Qiushi Wang2Jinlong Qiu3Xiyan Zhu4Tianming Yu5Hongyi Xiang6Hui Zhao7State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin UniversityState Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin UniversityInstitute for Traffic Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical UniversityInstitute for Traffic Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical UniversityInstitute for Traffic Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical UniversityState Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin UniversityInstitute for Traffic Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical UniversityInstitute for Traffic Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical UniversityAbstract Memory dysfunction, a common symptom following closed head impact injuries, suggests deficits in hippocampal function. This defect is thought to be related to impact strength and individual animal weight. In this study, head impact experiments were performed on male Sprague Dawley rats to establish a quantitative relationship between impact strength, body weight and hippocampal injury. A two-factor, three-level experimental design was established using the L9(34) orthogonal table, with impact strength and body weight as the variables. According to the protocol, rats were injured using a BIM-IV animal impact machine, and the effects of impact strength and body weight factors on hippocampal injury were evaluated by the results of Morris water maze and hematoxylin–eosin staining of the hippocampus at 24 h post-injury. Using the percentage of cell loss in the hippocampus as an indicator, quadratic regression models were established to describe the effects of impact strength and body weight on cell loss in the CA1, CA3, and DG regions of the hippocampus. The results revealed a quadratic, non-linear relationship between impact strength, body weight and the percentage of cell loss in these regions. Specifically, increasing impact strength resulted in a higher proportion of cell loss, whereas increasing body weight was associated with a reduction in cell loss. Consistent with these pathological findings, higher impact strength prolonged the time required for rats to locate the hidden platform in the Morris water maze, while higher body weight shortened the platform-finding time under the same impact strength. The quadratic orthogonal regression equations for hippocampal injury as a function of mechanical load and body weight provide valuable insights for predicting hippocampal damage and understanding its underlying mechanisms.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00108-0Closed head injuryHippocampal injuryQuadratic orthogonal regression |
| spellingShingle | Peng Wang Xuewei Song Qiushi Wang Jinlong Qiu Xiyan Zhu Tianming Yu Hongyi Xiang Hui Zhao Quantitative relationship between hippocampal injury and mechanical load and body weight in closed head injury of male rats using quadratic orthogonal regression Scientific Reports Closed head injury Hippocampal injury Quadratic orthogonal regression |
| title | Quantitative relationship between hippocampal injury and mechanical load and body weight in closed head injury of male rats using quadratic orthogonal regression |
| title_full | Quantitative relationship between hippocampal injury and mechanical load and body weight in closed head injury of male rats using quadratic orthogonal regression |
| title_fullStr | Quantitative relationship between hippocampal injury and mechanical load and body weight in closed head injury of male rats using quadratic orthogonal regression |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantitative relationship between hippocampal injury and mechanical load and body weight in closed head injury of male rats using quadratic orthogonal regression |
| title_short | Quantitative relationship between hippocampal injury and mechanical load and body weight in closed head injury of male rats using quadratic orthogonal regression |
| title_sort | quantitative relationship between hippocampal injury and mechanical load and body weight in closed head injury of male rats using quadratic orthogonal regression |
| topic | Closed head injury Hippocampal injury Quadratic orthogonal regression |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00108-0 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pengwang quantitativerelationshipbetweenhippocampalinjuryandmechanicalloadandbodyweightinclosedheadinjuryofmaleratsusingquadraticorthogonalregression AT xueweisong quantitativerelationshipbetweenhippocampalinjuryandmechanicalloadandbodyweightinclosedheadinjuryofmaleratsusingquadraticorthogonalregression AT qiushiwang quantitativerelationshipbetweenhippocampalinjuryandmechanicalloadandbodyweightinclosedheadinjuryofmaleratsusingquadraticorthogonalregression AT jinlongqiu quantitativerelationshipbetweenhippocampalinjuryandmechanicalloadandbodyweightinclosedheadinjuryofmaleratsusingquadraticorthogonalregression AT xiyanzhu quantitativerelationshipbetweenhippocampalinjuryandmechanicalloadandbodyweightinclosedheadinjuryofmaleratsusingquadraticorthogonalregression AT tianmingyu quantitativerelationshipbetweenhippocampalinjuryandmechanicalloadandbodyweightinclosedheadinjuryofmaleratsusingquadraticorthogonalregression AT hongyixiang quantitativerelationshipbetweenhippocampalinjuryandmechanicalloadandbodyweightinclosedheadinjuryofmaleratsusingquadraticorthogonalregression AT huizhao quantitativerelationshipbetweenhippocampalinjuryandmechanicalloadandbodyweightinclosedheadinjuryofmaleratsusingquadraticorthogonalregression |