Evaluating the Significance of Inspiratory Volumes and Capacity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Evaluating the Significance of Inspiratory Volumes and Capacity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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Background: Smoking-induced Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic lung condition causing airflow obstruction and inflammation, leading to symptoms like breathlessness and fatigue. While expiratory issues are well-studied, the impact of inspiratory function on symptoms is less un...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Maham Mazhar, Bushra Iftikhar, Jawaria Muhammad, Maria Muddassir, Ahmad Basirat, Tahir Maqbool, Faheem Hadi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Health Research Institute (HRI), National Institute of Health (NIH) 2025-07-01
Series:Pakistan Journal of Medical Research
Subjects:
COPD
smoking
exacerbations
regression model
inspiratory volumes
expiratory volumes
Online Access:https://www.pjmr.org.pk/index.php/pjmr/article/view/1122
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