Debonding forces and failure modes of customized three-dimensional printed nano-ceramic hybrid resin fixed lingual retainers

BACKGROUND: Retention preserves the optimal esthetic and functional positions of teeth following the termination of active orthodontic treatment. Conventional stainless-steel multistrand fixed retainers have limitations and drawbacks, mainly related to retainer failure. OBJECTIVES: Nano-ceramic hybr...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Noor S. Alnuaimy, Akram F. Alhuwaizi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Orthodontic Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jos.jos_75_24
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