Combined minimally invasive vagal cranial nerve and trigeminocervical complex peripheral nerve stimulation produces prolonged improvement of severe painful peripheral neuropathy and hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes

Combined minimally invasive vagal cranial nerve and trigeminocervical complex peripheral nerve stimulation produces prolonged improvement of severe painful peripheral neuropathy and hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes

IntroductionDiabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN), a debilitating complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), stems from bioenergetic failure and reduced vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression (VEGF-A), persisting despite optimal glycemic control. The meteoric rise of “diabesity”—the co...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Peter S. Staats, Alyssa Staats, Brittny Mikhaiel, Jason Chen, Eric Azabou, Claire-Marie Rangon
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Neuroscience
Subjects:
vagus nerve
trigeminocervical complex
minimally invasive stimulation
closed-loop neuromodulation
type 2 diabetes
diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1644961/full
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https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1644961/full

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