Food production diversity based on food groups is associated with minimum dietary diversity and dietary diversity among lactating mothers residing in subsistence farming households in rural Kyankwanzi district, Uganda

Abstract Background Consuming a variety of food groups is a proxy indicator of micronutrient adequacy among women of reproductive age (WRA). This study examined the association between minimum food group production diversity (MFGPD) and minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W); and the correlatio...

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Main Authors: Edward Buzigi, Kirthee Pillay, Muthulisi Siwela, Blessing Mkhwanazi, Mjabuliseni Ngidi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:BMC Public Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22243-z
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author Edward Buzigi
Kirthee Pillay
Muthulisi Siwela
Blessing Mkhwanazi
Mjabuliseni Ngidi
author_facet Edward Buzigi
Kirthee Pillay
Muthulisi Siwela
Blessing Mkhwanazi
Mjabuliseni Ngidi
author_sort Edward Buzigi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Consuming a variety of food groups is a proxy indicator of micronutrient adequacy among women of reproductive age (WRA). This study examined the association between minimum food group production diversity (MFGPD) and minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W); and the correlation between food group production diversity (FGPD) and women’s dietary diversity (WDD) among lactating mothers in rural Kyankwanzi district, central Uganda. Method Lactating mothers residing in subsistence farming households (HH) were recruited by systematic sampling. The outcome variables were WDD and MDD-W. A respondent scored either “1” or “0” if she consumed or did not consume any of the 10 food groups in the previous 24 h, respectively. The WDD was calculated as the total of all food group scores. The respondent was considered to have achieved MDD-W if she consumed ≥ 5 out of the 10 food groups. The main exposure variables were FGPD and MFGPD. The food groups used to classify foods on the farm were the same as the 10 food group classifications used in the MDD-W. The FGPD was calculated as the total of all food group scores on the farm. The MFGPD was achieved if the farm had ≥ 5 of the 10 food groups. The association between FGPD and WDD was tested by Poisson regression analysis. The association between MFGPD and MDD-W was tested by logistic regression analysis. A test was significant at 95% confidence interval(CI) and P value < 0.05. Results There was a positive correlation between WDD and FGPD, adjusted β:0.15 (95%CI 0.13–0.16, P < 0.0001). Lactating mothers who achieved MFGPD were more likely to achieve MDD-W, adjusted odds ratio (AOR): of 8.6 (95% CI: 5.6–13.0, P < 0.0001). Conclusion The MFGPD is positively associated with MDD-W, while WDD increases as FGPD increases among lactating mothers in the study area. Promoting food production diversity based on food groups has the potential to improve WDD and achieve MDD-W among lactating mothers in the study area.
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spelling doaj-art-0bc12db1ac354853962e98f9a48bb6282025-08-20T03:40:02ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-03-0125111110.1186/s12889-025-22243-zFood production diversity based on food groups is associated with minimum dietary diversity and dietary diversity among lactating mothers residing in subsistence farming households in rural Kyankwanzi district, UgandaEdward Buzigi0Kirthee Pillay1Muthulisi Siwela2Blessing Mkhwanazi3Mjabuliseni Ngidi4Department of Community Health & Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Makerere UniversityDepartment of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-NatalDepartment of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-NatalDepartment of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-NatalDepartment of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-NatalAbstract Background Consuming a variety of food groups is a proxy indicator of micronutrient adequacy among women of reproductive age (WRA). This study examined the association between minimum food group production diversity (MFGPD) and minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W); and the correlation between food group production diversity (FGPD) and women’s dietary diversity (WDD) among lactating mothers in rural Kyankwanzi district, central Uganda. Method Lactating mothers residing in subsistence farming households (HH) were recruited by systematic sampling. The outcome variables were WDD and MDD-W. A respondent scored either “1” or “0” if she consumed or did not consume any of the 10 food groups in the previous 24 h, respectively. The WDD was calculated as the total of all food group scores. The respondent was considered to have achieved MDD-W if she consumed ≥ 5 out of the 10 food groups. The main exposure variables were FGPD and MFGPD. The food groups used to classify foods on the farm were the same as the 10 food group classifications used in the MDD-W. The FGPD was calculated as the total of all food group scores on the farm. The MFGPD was achieved if the farm had ≥ 5 of the 10 food groups. The association between FGPD and WDD was tested by Poisson regression analysis. The association between MFGPD and MDD-W was tested by logistic regression analysis. A test was significant at 95% confidence interval(CI) and P value < 0.05. Results There was a positive correlation between WDD and FGPD, adjusted β:0.15 (95%CI 0.13–0.16, P < 0.0001). Lactating mothers who achieved MFGPD were more likely to achieve MDD-W, adjusted odds ratio (AOR): of 8.6 (95% CI: 5.6–13.0, P < 0.0001). Conclusion The MFGPD is positively associated with MDD-W, while WDD increases as FGPD increases among lactating mothers in the study area. Promoting food production diversity based on food groups has the potential to improve WDD and achieve MDD-W among lactating mothers in the study area.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22243-zFood production diversityFood groupsLactating mothersWomen's dietary diversityMinimum dietary diversity
spellingShingle Edward Buzigi
Kirthee Pillay
Muthulisi Siwela
Blessing Mkhwanazi
Mjabuliseni Ngidi
Food production diversity based on food groups is associated with minimum dietary diversity and dietary diversity among lactating mothers residing in subsistence farming households in rural Kyankwanzi district, Uganda
BMC Public Health
Food production diversity
Food groups
Lactating mothers
Women's dietary diversity
Minimum dietary diversity
title Food production diversity based on food groups is associated with minimum dietary diversity and dietary diversity among lactating mothers residing in subsistence farming households in rural Kyankwanzi district, Uganda
title_full Food production diversity based on food groups is associated with minimum dietary diversity and dietary diversity among lactating mothers residing in subsistence farming households in rural Kyankwanzi district, Uganda
title_fullStr Food production diversity based on food groups is associated with minimum dietary diversity and dietary diversity among lactating mothers residing in subsistence farming households in rural Kyankwanzi district, Uganda
title_full_unstemmed Food production diversity based on food groups is associated with minimum dietary diversity and dietary diversity among lactating mothers residing in subsistence farming households in rural Kyankwanzi district, Uganda
title_short Food production diversity based on food groups is associated with minimum dietary diversity and dietary diversity among lactating mothers residing in subsistence farming households in rural Kyankwanzi district, Uganda
title_sort food production diversity based on food groups is associated with minimum dietary diversity and dietary diversity among lactating mothers residing in subsistence farming households in rural kyankwanzi district uganda
topic Food production diversity
Food groups
Lactating mothers
Women's dietary diversity
Minimum dietary diversity
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22243-z
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