A Sorting Task with Emojis to Understand Children’s Recipe Acceptance

Food acceptability in children is a complex, multi-dimensional process influenced by sensory perception, expectations, and context. The present study investigated children’s perception and acceptance of 20 Mediterranean recipes chosen from five different gastronomy cultures (Lebanese, Egyptian, Ital...

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Main Authors: Olatz Urkiaga, María Mora, Elena Romeo-Arroyo, Sara Pistolese, Angélique Béaino, Giuseppe Grosso, Pablo Busó, Juancho Pons, Laura Vázquez-Araújo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/11/1839
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author Olatz Urkiaga
María Mora
Elena Romeo-Arroyo
Sara Pistolese
Angélique Béaino
Giuseppe Grosso
Pablo Busó
Juancho Pons
Laura Vázquez-Araújo
author_facet Olatz Urkiaga
María Mora
Elena Romeo-Arroyo
Sara Pistolese
Angélique Béaino
Giuseppe Grosso
Pablo Busó
Juancho Pons
Laura Vázquez-Araújo
author_sort Olatz Urkiaga
collection DOAJ
description Food acceptability in children is a complex, multi-dimensional process influenced by sensory perception, expectations, and context. The present study investigated children’s perception and acceptance of 20 Mediterranean recipes chosen from five different gastronomy cultures (Lebanese, Egyptian, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese) using photographs as stimuli. A total of 184 children (10 to 13 years old) from three countries (Italy, Lebanon, and Spain) participated in a sorting task with emojis to express liking. In addition, Spanish and Lebanese participants completed a Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) activity to label the recipe groups they had created. The results from the sorting task, analyzed using ANOVA, revealed that recipes including meat/poultry and cereals were most preferred, while legume-based and vegetable dishes received lower acceptance. Children grouped recipes primarily by main ingredient, irrespective of the origin of the recipe (gastronomy culture). Spanish children showed higher acceptance of foreign recipes compared to Lebanese and Italian, demonstrating a significant “country x recipe origin” interaction. The CATA analysis revealed that children associated descriptors such as “healthy”, “tasty”, or “delicious” with highly rated recipes and descriptors such as “too many vegetables” and “bad taste” with lower-rated dishes. While participants showed a positive predisposition towards the “healthy” term, a negative response to recipes based on vegetables and legumes was evident.
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spelling doaj-art-0b998bf1b9914993ba2cb1d09ea8a2302025-08-20T02:23:04ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-05-011411183910.3390/foods14111839A Sorting Task with Emojis to Understand Children’s Recipe AcceptanceOlatz Urkiaga0María Mora1Elena Romeo-Arroyo2Sara Pistolese3Angélique Béaino4Giuseppe Grosso5Pablo Busó6Juancho Pons7Laura Vázquez-Araújo8GOe Tech Center, Technology Center in Gastronomy, Basque Culinary Center, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainGOe Tech Center, Technology Center in Gastronomy, Basque Culinary Center, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainGOe Tech Center, Technology Center in Gastronomy, Basque Culinary Center, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainProvincia d’Italia dei Fratelli Maristi delle Scuole, Via Fratelli Maristi 2, 80014 Naples, ItalyFrères Maristes au Liban, Dik el Mehdi, Beyrouth 70540, LebanonDepartment of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, ItalyTechnological Institute for Children’s Products & Leisure AIJU, 03440 Alicante, SpainEditorial Luis Vives (EDELVIVES), Carretera de Madrid, 50012 Zaragoza, SpainGOe Tech Center, Technology Center in Gastronomy, Basque Culinary Center, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainFood acceptability in children is a complex, multi-dimensional process influenced by sensory perception, expectations, and context. The present study investigated children’s perception and acceptance of 20 Mediterranean recipes chosen from five different gastronomy cultures (Lebanese, Egyptian, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese) using photographs as stimuli. A total of 184 children (10 to 13 years old) from three countries (Italy, Lebanon, and Spain) participated in a sorting task with emojis to express liking. In addition, Spanish and Lebanese participants completed a Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) activity to label the recipe groups they had created. The results from the sorting task, analyzed using ANOVA, revealed that recipes including meat/poultry and cereals were most preferred, while legume-based and vegetable dishes received lower acceptance. Children grouped recipes primarily by main ingredient, irrespective of the origin of the recipe (gastronomy culture). Spanish children showed higher acceptance of foreign recipes compared to Lebanese and Italian, demonstrating a significant “country x recipe origin” interaction. The CATA analysis revealed that children associated descriptors such as “healthy”, “tasty”, or “delicious” with highly rated recipes and descriptors such as “too many vegetables” and “bad taste” with lower-rated dishes. While participants showed a positive predisposition towards the “healthy” term, a negative response to recipes based on vegetables and legumes was evident.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/11/1839gastronomyacceptanceappearancemealsMediterranean diet
spellingShingle Olatz Urkiaga
María Mora
Elena Romeo-Arroyo
Sara Pistolese
Angélique Béaino
Giuseppe Grosso
Pablo Busó
Juancho Pons
Laura Vázquez-Araújo
A Sorting Task with Emojis to Understand Children’s Recipe Acceptance
Foods
gastronomy
acceptance
appearance
meals
Mediterranean diet
title A Sorting Task with Emojis to Understand Children’s Recipe Acceptance
title_full A Sorting Task with Emojis to Understand Children’s Recipe Acceptance
title_fullStr A Sorting Task with Emojis to Understand Children’s Recipe Acceptance
title_full_unstemmed A Sorting Task with Emojis to Understand Children’s Recipe Acceptance
title_short A Sorting Task with Emojis to Understand Children’s Recipe Acceptance
title_sort sorting task with emojis to understand children s recipe acceptance
topic gastronomy
acceptance
appearance
meals
Mediterranean diet
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/11/1839
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