Plant-derived nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides as potent antifungal agents against Cryptococcus neoformans: mechanisms of action, chimeric peptide enhancement, and immunomodulatory effects

The basidiomycetous yeast Cryptococcus neoformans is classified among the four critical fungal pathogens due to its capability of inducing life-threatening meningitis in immunocompromised individuals, particularly AIDS patients. The increasing prevalence of antifungal resistance and limitations of c...

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Main Authors: Bettina Szerencsés, Csaba Papp, Alexandra Pál, Sándor Jenei, Nelli Németh, Csaba Vágvölgyi, Ferhan Ayaydin, Gabriella Endre, Éva Kondorosi, Ilona Pfeiffer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:Current Research in Microbial Sciences
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666517425000690
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author Bettina Szerencsés
Csaba Papp
Alexandra Pál
Sándor Jenei
Nelli Németh
Csaba Vágvölgyi
Ferhan Ayaydin
Gabriella Endre
Éva Kondorosi
Ilona Pfeiffer
author_facet Bettina Szerencsés
Csaba Papp
Alexandra Pál
Sándor Jenei
Nelli Németh
Csaba Vágvölgyi
Ferhan Ayaydin
Gabriella Endre
Éva Kondorosi
Ilona Pfeiffer
author_sort Bettina Szerencsés
collection DOAJ
description The basidiomycetous yeast Cryptococcus neoformans is classified among the four critical fungal pathogens due to its capability of inducing life-threatening meningitis in immunocompromised individuals, particularly AIDS patients. The increasing prevalence of antifungal resistance and limitations of current treatments highlight the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including plant-derived nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides, offer promising alternatives due to their broad-spectrum activity, multiple cellular targets, and minimal cytotoxic effects on mammalian cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-cryptococcal efficacy of NCR247, NCR335, NCR169C derivatives, and three synthetic chimeric peptides. Fifteen peptide derivatives and all three chimeras exhibited potent antifungal activity while demonstrating negligible cytotoxicity against murine macrophages. Among them, the X1-NCR247C chimera was the most effective, acting rapidly at low concentrations. Notably, its attachment to the yeast cells augmented the uptake of the cells by murine macrophages, suggesting that in addition to their direct fungicidal effects, antimicrobial peptides can intensify the immune response. These findings underscore the potential of NCR peptide derivatives as anti-cryptococcal agents and highlight the advantages of chimera peptides in improving therapeutic efficacy.
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publishDate 2025-01-01
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spelling doaj-art-0a49d41a63b44d098910ddba33c1f0fe2025-08-20T02:00:52ZengElsevierCurrent Research in Microbial Sciences2666-51742025-01-01910040710.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100407Plant-derived nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides as potent antifungal agents against Cryptococcus neoformans: mechanisms of action, chimeric peptide enhancement, and immunomodulatory effectsBettina Szerencsés0Csaba Papp1Alexandra Pál2Sándor Jenei3Nelli Németh4Csaba Vágvölgyi5Ferhan Ayaydin6Gabriella Endre7Éva Kondorosi8Ilona Pfeiffer9Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, HungaryInstitute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, HungaryInstitute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, HungaryInstitute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary; Functional Cell Biology and Immunology Advanced Core Facility (FCBI-ACF), Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine (HCEMM), University of Szeged, Szeged, HungaryInstitute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, HungaryInstitute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Corresponding author at: Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52. H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.The basidiomycetous yeast Cryptococcus neoformans is classified among the four critical fungal pathogens due to its capability of inducing life-threatening meningitis in immunocompromised individuals, particularly AIDS patients. The increasing prevalence of antifungal resistance and limitations of current treatments highlight the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including plant-derived nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides, offer promising alternatives due to their broad-spectrum activity, multiple cellular targets, and minimal cytotoxic effects on mammalian cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-cryptococcal efficacy of NCR247, NCR335, NCR169C derivatives, and three synthetic chimeric peptides. Fifteen peptide derivatives and all three chimeras exhibited potent antifungal activity while demonstrating negligible cytotoxicity against murine macrophages. Among them, the X1-NCR247C chimera was the most effective, acting rapidly at low concentrations. Notably, its attachment to the yeast cells augmented the uptake of the cells by murine macrophages, suggesting that in addition to their direct fungicidal effects, antimicrobial peptides can intensify the immune response. These findings underscore the potential of NCR peptide derivatives as anti-cryptococcal agents and highlight the advantages of chimera peptides in improving therapeutic efficacy.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666517425000690Antimicrobial peptideAntifungal activityCryptococcus neoformans
spellingShingle Bettina Szerencsés
Csaba Papp
Alexandra Pál
Sándor Jenei
Nelli Németh
Csaba Vágvölgyi
Ferhan Ayaydin
Gabriella Endre
Éva Kondorosi
Ilona Pfeiffer
Plant-derived nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides as potent antifungal agents against Cryptococcus neoformans: mechanisms of action, chimeric peptide enhancement, and immunomodulatory effects
Current Research in Microbial Sciences
Antimicrobial peptide
Antifungal activity
Cryptococcus neoformans
title Plant-derived nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides as potent antifungal agents against Cryptococcus neoformans: mechanisms of action, chimeric peptide enhancement, and immunomodulatory effects
title_full Plant-derived nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides as potent antifungal agents against Cryptococcus neoformans: mechanisms of action, chimeric peptide enhancement, and immunomodulatory effects
title_fullStr Plant-derived nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides as potent antifungal agents against Cryptococcus neoformans: mechanisms of action, chimeric peptide enhancement, and immunomodulatory effects
title_full_unstemmed Plant-derived nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides as potent antifungal agents against Cryptococcus neoformans: mechanisms of action, chimeric peptide enhancement, and immunomodulatory effects
title_short Plant-derived nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides as potent antifungal agents against Cryptococcus neoformans: mechanisms of action, chimeric peptide enhancement, and immunomodulatory effects
title_sort plant derived nodule specific cysteine rich peptides as potent antifungal agents against cryptococcus neoformans mechanisms of action chimeric peptide enhancement and immunomodulatory effects
topic Antimicrobial peptide
Antifungal activity
Cryptococcus neoformans
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666517425000690
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