Physical Aspects, Phytochemical Profiles, and Nutritional Properties of Lemon (<i>Citrus limon</i>) Slices Under Different Drying Technologies

Dried lemon slices (LSs) have become increasingly popular as a healthful beverage when infused in hot water. This study examined the effects of freeze drying (FD), hot air drying (HAD), heat pump drying (HPD), and far-infrared drying (FID) on the quality of dried LSs and their brewed beverages. The...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zhirong Wang, Qingqing Fu, Guijie Hao, Yuanwei Gu, Tianqi Sun, Lu Gao, Bo Wang, Shuai Wang, Xiangfeng Zheng, Zhenquan Yang, Shengqi Rao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/15/2586
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Summary:Dried lemon slices (LSs) have become increasingly popular as a healthful beverage when infused in hot water. This study examined the effects of freeze drying (FD), hot air drying (HAD), heat pump drying (HPD), and far-infrared drying (FID) on the quality of dried LSs and their brewed beverages. The results show that FD-LSs and their corresponding beverages have the most appealing appearance and maximum levels of ascorbic acid (2.47 and 0.80 mg/g, respectively), synephrine (8.15 and 0.94 mg/g, respectively), and the overwhelming majority of natural and available phenolic compounds, as well as the strongest antioxidant activity, although numerous volatile compounds in FD-LSs were in the lowest abundances. HPD-LSs exhibited similar trends to FD-LSs but contained the peak concentrations of limonene (2258.87 μg/g), γ-terpinene (704.19 μg/g), β-pinene (502.92 μg/g), and α-pinene (188.91 μg/g), which were the four most abundant volatile compounds in dried LSs. Additionally, active ingredients in HPD-LSs generally featured relative high levels of available amounts. In contrast, HAD- and FID-LSs typically displayed unfavorable coloration and low retention levels of natural and available active ingredients. Consequently, FD and HPD demonstrate superior suitability for the commercial-scale production of dried LSs.
ISSN:2304-8158