Enhanced State-of-Charge Balancing Control for MMC-SCES Using Centralized Controllers and Adaptive Optimization

The modular multilevel converter with embedded supercapacitor energy storage system (MMC-SCES) is a promising solution to the integration challenges posed by large-scale renewable energy. However, inconsistencies in supercapacitor characteristics across energy storage submodules (ESMs) can lead to s...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Qiluan Yang, Huangqing Xiao, Qionghai Zhu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/10/5331
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