Oxygen-functionalized melem as a stable heterogeneous catalyst for free fatty acid esterification in low-grade biodiesel feedstocks
The feasibility of biodiesel production relies on efficiently utilizing low-grade feedstocks rich in free fatty acids (FFAs). However, high FFA content deactivates base catalysts via saponification, requiring pre-treatment with acid catalysts. This study synthesized oxygen-functionalized melem via a...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Fuel Processing Technology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037838202500044X |
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