Smart Nutrient Solution Temperature Control System for Oversummering Lettuce Cultivation Based on Adaptive Dung Beetle Optimizer-Fuzzy PID

The summer cultivation of lettuce in greenhouses frequently encounters heat stress challenges. In hydroponic systems, cooling the nutrient solution to reduce root zone temperature is an effective strategy to alleviate heat stress. To address the issue of temperature control instability in hydroponic...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yuliang Cai, Zelan Zhao, Wenzhong Guo, Hailing Xu, Yunfei Teng, Xiaobei Han, Qian Zhao, Lichun Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/10/5381
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