The Toxic Masculinity Scale: Development and Initial Validation

The Toxic Masculinity Scale: Development and Initial Validation

The present study sought to develop and validate the Toxic Masculinity Scale (TMS). Following scale development best practices, a thorough review of the literature and existing measures was conducted. Next, a qualitative inquiry using a grounded theory approach was employed to develop a data-driven...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Steven Michael Sanders, Claudia Garcia-Aguilera, Nicholas C. Borgogna, John Richmond T. Sy, Gianna Comoglio, Olivia A. M. Schultz, Jacqueline Goldman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Behavioral Sciences
Subjects:
measurement
masculinity
instrument development
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/14/11/1096
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