Exploring cerebrospinal fluid metabolites, cognitive function, and brain atrophy: Insights from Mendelian randomization

Disruption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolites affects brain function and cognition, potentially altering the brain structure. To elucidate the causal relationships between CSF metabolites and the neurological outcomes, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Genome-wide ass...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Liu Qian, Meng Ling-bing, Qi Tian-qi, Ma Ya-Qing, Liang Guo-wei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: De Gruyter 2025-08-01
Series:Open Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2025-1237
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