High-precision transdermal drug delivery enabled by a dual-pump parallel valveless piezoelectric micropump integrated with hollow microneedles

Abstract Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) system based on piezoelectric micropumps is a novel route of drug delivery that is wearable and highly patient-compliant. The advantage of valveless micropumps, such as their simple structure, high reliability and low cost, have been investigated in compariso...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Lei Zhang, Wei Sha, Yi Li, Xin Chen, Lulu Liu, Hong Hu, Jian Song, Jie Liang, Jianhua Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2025-08-01
Series:Microsystems & Nanoengineering
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-025-01003-4
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