New marker for the detection of pre-retinopathy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: systemic immuno-inflammation index

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to investigate the relationships among urine parameters, systemic inflammation and retinal microvascular changes in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) without clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR), via optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hazan Gül Kahraman, Yusuf Ziya Güven, Fahrettin Akay, Yusuf Üzüm, Murat Aysin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Ophthalmology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-04138-0
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