Optimizing Virtual Power Plants Cooperation via Evolutionary Game Theory: The Role of Reward–Punishment Mechanisms

Optimizing Virtual Power Plants Cooperation via Evolutionary Game Theory: The Role of Reward–Punishment Mechanisms

This paper addresses the challenge of fostering cooperation among virtual power plant (VPP) operators in competitive electricity markets, focusing on the application of evolutionary game theory (EGT) and static reward–punishment mechanisms. This investigation resolves four critical questions: the mi...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Lefeng Cheng, Pengrong Huang, Mengya Zhang, Kun Wang, Kuozhen Zhang, Tao Zou, Wentian Lu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Mathematics
Subjects:
virtual power plants (VPPs)
evolutionary game theory (EGT)
reward–punishment mechanisms
cooperation optimization
market efficiency
renewable energy integration
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/15/2428
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