On BESS Capacity Optimization of Hybrid Coal-Fired Generator and BESS Power Station for Secondary Frequency Regulation

Integrating battery energy storage systems (BESS) into a coal-fired generator can enhance power systems’ secondary frequency regulation capability. To this end, this paper proposes a policy to coordinate the BESS and the coal-fired generator to meet the automatic generation control (AGC)...

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Main Authors: Xinsong Zhang, Ziyun Ma, Beiping Gu, Lurui Fang, Xiuyong Yu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10949211/
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author Xinsong Zhang
Ziyun Ma
Beiping Gu
Lurui Fang
Xiuyong Yu
author_facet Xinsong Zhang
Ziyun Ma
Beiping Gu
Lurui Fang
Xiuyong Yu
author_sort Xinsong Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Integrating battery energy storage systems (BESS) into a coal-fired generator can enhance power systems’ secondary frequency regulation capability. To this end, this paper proposes a policy to coordinate the BESS and the coal-fired generator to meet the automatic generation control (AGC) requirements and subsequently investigates the optimal BESS capacity to maximize the net profit gained from the frequency regulation. Firstly, probability characteristics of AGC instruction duration period, interval period, regulation rate, and regulation direction are investigated according to the real AGC datalog. The AGC regulation direction would change randomly. Directly switching the BESS between charging and discharging to match the requirement would significantly deplete the lifetime of the battery. Therefore, this paper divides the BESS into two groups, which will be controlled stay in charging and discharging states to respectively respond to the AGC requirement of “up” and “down”. To obtain a cost-effective BESS investment, this paper develops a new sizing method, which optimizes the BESS capacity by simulating the operation of the hybrid coal-fired generator and BESS power station (HCGBPS) over an example day. Finally, the case studies justified the developed sizing method could make satisfying BESS investment decisions to ensure a maximum net profit in operation.
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spelling doaj-art-00cee9c2d8374187ab7b3daab3d49e912025-08-20T03:09:09ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113608336084510.1109/ACCESS.2025.355785310949211On BESS Capacity Optimization of Hybrid Coal-Fired Generator and BESS Power Station for Secondary Frequency RegulationXinsong Zhang0Ziyun Ma1Beiping Gu2Lurui Fang3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0805-8197Xiuyong Yu4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-8850School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, ChinaSchool of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, ChinaSchool of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, ChinaSchool of Advanced Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaSchool of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, ChinaIntegrating battery energy storage systems (BESS) into a coal-fired generator can enhance power systems’ secondary frequency regulation capability. To this end, this paper proposes a policy to coordinate the BESS and the coal-fired generator to meet the automatic generation control (AGC) requirements and subsequently investigates the optimal BESS capacity to maximize the net profit gained from the frequency regulation. Firstly, probability characteristics of AGC instruction duration period, interval period, regulation rate, and regulation direction are investigated according to the real AGC datalog. The AGC regulation direction would change randomly. Directly switching the BESS between charging and discharging to match the requirement would significantly deplete the lifetime of the battery. Therefore, this paper divides the BESS into two groups, which will be controlled stay in charging and discharging states to respectively respond to the AGC requirement of “up” and “down”. To obtain a cost-effective BESS investment, this paper develops a new sizing method, which optimizes the BESS capacity by simulating the operation of the hybrid coal-fired generator and BESS power station (HCGBPS) over an example day. Finally, the case studies justified the developed sizing method could make satisfying BESS investment decisions to ensure a maximum net profit in operation.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10949211/Battery energy storage systemsecondary frequency regulationautomatic generation controlcapacity optimizationsequential Monte Carlo simulation
spellingShingle Xinsong Zhang
Ziyun Ma
Beiping Gu
Lurui Fang
Xiuyong Yu
On BESS Capacity Optimization of Hybrid Coal-Fired Generator and BESS Power Station for Secondary Frequency Regulation
IEEE Access
Battery energy storage system
secondary frequency regulation
automatic generation control
capacity optimization
sequential Monte Carlo simulation
title On BESS Capacity Optimization of Hybrid Coal-Fired Generator and BESS Power Station for Secondary Frequency Regulation
title_full On BESS Capacity Optimization of Hybrid Coal-Fired Generator and BESS Power Station for Secondary Frequency Regulation
title_fullStr On BESS Capacity Optimization of Hybrid Coal-Fired Generator and BESS Power Station for Secondary Frequency Regulation
title_full_unstemmed On BESS Capacity Optimization of Hybrid Coal-Fired Generator and BESS Power Station for Secondary Frequency Regulation
title_short On BESS Capacity Optimization of Hybrid Coal-Fired Generator and BESS Power Station for Secondary Frequency Regulation
title_sort on bess capacity optimization of hybrid coal fired generator and bess power station for secondary frequency regulation
topic Battery energy storage system
secondary frequency regulation
automatic generation control
capacity optimization
sequential Monte Carlo simulation
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10949211/
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