Ethical considerations of deep brain stimulation for treatment refractory schizophrenia: surveying stakeholders

Abstract Introduction Ethical concerns have been raised by both current and historically controversial neurosurgical interventions for treatment-refractory schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder (TR-SZ). Considering advances in next-generation deep brain stimulation (DBS), initial success in tre...

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Main Authors: Judith M. Gault, Nicola Cascella, Nidal Moukaddam, Stephanie Lehto, Patrick Hosokawa, Paul S. Appelbaum, Akira Sawa, Jocelyn Lippman-Bell, William S. Anderson, Wayne Goodman, Sameer A. Sheth, Daniel Kramer, John A. Thompson, Elyn R. Saks, Rachel A. Davis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Psychiatry
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-07128-0
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