Incipient and subclinical tuberculosis: a narrative review
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been known to infect humans for eons. It is an airborne infectious disease transmitted through droplet nuclei of 1 to 5 µm in diameter. Historically, tuberculosis (TB) was considered a distinct condition characterized by TB infection and active TB disease. However, re...
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PAGEPress Publications
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease |
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| Online Access: | https://www.monaldi-archives.org/macd/article/view/2982 |
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| author | Malay Sarkar |
| author_facet | Malay Sarkar |
| author_sort | Malay Sarkar |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been known to infect humans for eons. It is an airborne infectious disease transmitted through droplet nuclei of 1 to 5 µm in diameter. Historically, tuberculosis (TB) was considered a distinct condition characterized by TB infection and active TB disease. However, recently, the concept of a dynamic spectrum of infection has emerged, wherein the pathogen is initially eradicated by the innate or adaptive immune system, either in conjunction with or independently of T cell priming. Other categories within this spectrum include TB infection, incipient TB, subclinical TB, and active TB disease. Various host- and pathogen-related factors influence these categories. Furthermore, subclinical TB can facilitate the spread of infection within the community. Due to its asymptomatic nature, there is a risk of delayed diagnosis, and some patients may remain undiagnosed. Individuals with subclinical TB may stay in this stage for an indeterminate period without progressing to active TB disease, and some may even experience regression. Early diagnosis and treatment of TB are essential to meet the 2035 targets outlined in the end-TB strategy. This strategy should also include incipient and subclinical TB. This review will focus on the definition, natural history, burden, trajectory, transmissibility, detection, and management of early-stage TB.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0024bcd1d5ec44399147d0d2a0ed6f33 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1122-0643 2532-5264 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | PAGEPress Publications |
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| series | Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease |
| spelling | doaj-art-0024bcd1d5ec44399147d0d2a0ed6f332025-01-09T01:38:42ZengPAGEPress PublicationsMonaldi Archives for Chest Disease1122-06432532-52642025-01-0110.4081/monaldi.2025.2982Incipient and subclinical tuberculosis: a narrative reviewMalay Sarkar0Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been known to infect humans for eons. It is an airborne infectious disease transmitted through droplet nuclei of 1 to 5 µm in diameter. Historically, tuberculosis (TB) was considered a distinct condition characterized by TB infection and active TB disease. However, recently, the concept of a dynamic spectrum of infection has emerged, wherein the pathogen is initially eradicated by the innate or adaptive immune system, either in conjunction with or independently of T cell priming. Other categories within this spectrum include TB infection, incipient TB, subclinical TB, and active TB disease. Various host- and pathogen-related factors influence these categories. Furthermore, subclinical TB can facilitate the spread of infection within the community. Due to its asymptomatic nature, there is a risk of delayed diagnosis, and some patients may remain undiagnosed. Individuals with subclinical TB may stay in this stage for an indeterminate period without progressing to active TB disease, and some may even experience regression. Early diagnosis and treatment of TB are essential to meet the 2035 targets outlined in the end-TB strategy. This strategy should also include incipient and subclinical TB. This review will focus on the definition, natural history, burden, trajectory, transmissibility, detection, and management of early-stage TB. https://www.monaldi-archives.org/macd/article/view/2982Mycobacterium tuberculosistransmissionincipient TBsubclinical tuberculosisearly-stage TB |
| spellingShingle | Malay Sarkar Incipient and subclinical tuberculosis: a narrative review Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission incipient TB subclinical tuberculosis early-stage TB |
| title | Incipient and subclinical tuberculosis: a narrative review |
| title_full | Incipient and subclinical tuberculosis: a narrative review |
| title_fullStr | Incipient and subclinical tuberculosis: a narrative review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Incipient and subclinical tuberculosis: a narrative review |
| title_short | Incipient and subclinical tuberculosis: a narrative review |
| title_sort | incipient and subclinical tuberculosis a narrative review |
| topic | Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission incipient TB subclinical tuberculosis early-stage TB |
| url | https://www.monaldi-archives.org/macd/article/view/2982 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT malaysarkar incipientandsubclinicaltuberculosisanarrativereview |