Inter-rater reliability and prognostic value of baseline Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema (RALE) scores in observational cohort studies of inpatients with COVID-19 by Andrew I Kim, William Bain, Alison Morris, Barbara Methe, Bryan J McVerry, Georgios D Kitsios, Daniel Kotok, Janet S Lee, Nameer Al-Yousif, Christine E Girard, Jana J Jacobs, Konstantin Golubykh, Hafiz Qurashi, Michael Lu, Saketram Komanduri, Anatoliy Korzhuk, Halimat O Lawal, Nicholas Abourizk, Caitlin Schaefer, Kevin J Mitchell, Catherine M Dietz, Ellen K Hughes, Clara S Brandt, Georgia M Fitzgerald, Robin Joyce, Asmaa S Chaudhry, Jose D Rivera, Shruti Shettigar, Allen Lavina, Samantha R Gillenwater, Anas Hadeh, Faraaz A Shah, Matthew Bittner, Niall Prendergast, John Evankovich, Navitha Ramesh, Cathy Kessinger

“…Objectives To reliably quantify the radiographic severity of COVID-19 pneumonia with the Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema (RALE) score on clinical chest X-rays among inpatients and examine the prognostic value of baseline RALE scores on COVID-19 clinical outcomes.Setting Hospitalised patients with COVID-19 in dedicated wards and intensive care units from two different hospital systems.Participants 425 patients with COVID-19 in a discovery data set and 415 patients in a validation data set.Primary and secondary outcomes We measured inter-rater reliability for RALE score annotations by different reviewers and examined for associations of consensus RALE scores with the level of respiratory support, demographics, physiologic variables, applied therapies, plasma host–response biomarkers, SARS-CoV-2 RNA load and clinical outcomes.Results Inter-rater agreement for RALE scores improved from fair to excellent following reviewer training and feedback (intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.85 vs 0.93, respectively). …”
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How do animals weigh conflicting information about reward sources over time? Comparing dynamic averaging models by Jack Van Allsburg, Timothy A. Shahan

“…Abstract Optimal foraging theory suggests that animals make decisions which maximize their food intake per unit time when foraging, but the mechanisms animals use to track the value of behavioral alternatives and choose between them remain unclear. …”
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Heuristic decision making selection of drone models according to specified characteristics by V. V. Afonin, V. V. Nikulin

“…The proposed heuristic algorithm is based on the transition to the reduced values of numerical characteristics relative to the maximum of each group of characteristics with the calculation of the arithmetic mean of the given values. …”
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Sensitivity analysis of the INRA 2018 feeding system for ruminants by hybrid local and global approaches: Comparing the contribution of dietary input variables to multiple response... by Seoyoung Jeon, Tristan Senga Kiessé, Sophie Lemosquet, Pierre Nozière

“…For each diet, the 5 input variables were randomly sampled around the INRA 2018 feed table values (reference point), and the animal responses around this reference situation were calculated using the rationing software INRAtion V5. …”
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An anomaly identifying method for metering of standard electricity meters in an automatic verification assembly line based on correlated time-invariant by XING Yu, QU Zemin, SUN Yanling, DONG Xianguang, ZOU Lu, CHEN Mianzhou

“…Then, the correlation between the variable values and periodic verification results is quantified by the Pearson correlation coefficient. …”
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Early bevacizumab dose and time modifications may affect efficacy of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treatment by F. Rossari, D. Lavacchi, E. Alimenti, C. Soldà, F. Salani, L. Esposito, S. Foti, S. Camera, M. Persano, F. Lo Prinzi, F. Vitiello, E. Pellegrini, M. Bruccoleri, M.D. Rizzato, M. Caccese, I.G. Rapposelli, A. Guidolin, A. De Rosa, L. Antonuzzo, G. Masi, M.A. Iavarone, S. Lonardi, M. Rimini, A. Casadei-Gardini

“…Cumulative bevacizumab dose (mg/kg) received in the first 3 months of treatment was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) to identify a cut-off value to estimate survival and dichotomize the variable. …”
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EXPLORING THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE VIA PARITY-BASED PULSED TIMES OF COSINUSOIDAL WAVES IN SUSTAINABLY CONTROLLED MARINE BIOSYSTEMS by Ilias Elmouki, Amine Hamdache, Imane Abouelkheir, Fadwa El Kihal, Kanza Chouayakh, Abdelilah Jraifi, Aziz Darouichi

“…Since it does not also seem that obvious to introduce the disruptions that may be caused by the climate change in such well-known and practical types of models, this work introduces the effect of such phenomena through bang-bang climate waves that we believe could be described using a periodic function like the cosine of πt with t the time variable and that takes the values of either 1 when the pulsed t of climate induced stability is an even number promoting the increase of the vegetation or -1 when the pulsed t of climate change is an odd number leading to the extinction of that biomass. …”
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A Combined Approach to Solving Applied Metal Forming Problems by Matvej Baldin, Nikita Kondratev, Peter Trusov, Kirill Ostapovich

“…At the same time, using the combined approach, the required computation time was reduced by more than 12 times. …”
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Effects of fiscal policies on water pollution from chemical and oil industries in selective OPEC countries by Vida Varahrami, Sajad Hojat Shomami

“…The panel model is worked with time series data for two or more crosses. For using this method, we should survey stationary variables and, then, we should survey the cointegration between variables. …”
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Role of Age Hardening Heat Treatment on the Hardness Values of 93.95 Al-5 Zn-1.05 Sn/5 Al2o3- Sio2 Particulate Composite by Aondona P. Ihom

“…It was tested, and the product moment of correlation and the coefficient of correlation values attested to the degree of correlation existing between the two variables.…”
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Research on Brazilian splitting mechanics and acoustic emission characteristics of various types of sandstones in Shendong mining area by Zhiliang Yang, Songpeng Yue, Cun Zhang, Donghui Yang

“…In the case of siltstone, the AR (the ratio of AF (AE ring count/duration time) to RA (rise time/amplitude)) values for acoustic emission are evenly distributed, resulting in a linear growth pattern in the overall damage curve. …”
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Risk factors and predictive thresholds for postoperative pleural effusion in children with neuroblastoma: a retrospective cohort study by Jing Hu, Ping Chu, Jun Feng, Xinran He, Lijing Li, Yi Ren, Zhe Su, Wei Yang, Jianmin Zhang, Fang Wang

“…The primary endpoint was postoperative pleural effusion requiring intervention. Continuous variables were dichotomized using cutoff values derived from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to maximize outcome discrimination. …”
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Serum 25(OH) Vitamin D Concentrations in Horses: Effects of Age, Gender, Breed, Skin Colour and Season by Mohieddin Alemi, Saba Ahmadi Sheikhsarmast, Mehrdad Mohri

“…Nevertheless, there is a dearth of information regarding reference values for vitamin D in horses, particularly in the Turkmen breed. …”
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A dynamic simulation method of urban rail traction power supply system based on quantized state time discretization by SHI Xiangwen, LIN Fei, WANG Chao, WU Xiaobo, SHA Donglei, YANG Zhongping

“…The state variables of small step subsystem with fast-varying rates were quantized and discretized, and the pseudo-oscillation of simulation value was reduced by improving the quantized state system algorithm, while the traditional time discretization algorithm was used to improve the computational efficiency for the state variables of subsystems with relatively slow changes and large steps. …”
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Improved real-time RT-PCR method for high-throughput measurements using second derivative calculation and double correction by Van Luu-The, Nathalie Paquet, Ezequiel Calvo, Jean Cumps

“…The data indicate that the real-time PCR method is highly efficient with an efficiency coefficient close to the theoretical value of two. …”
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Enhancing Project Delivery in Gaindakot Municipality, Nepal, Through the Bromilow Time-Cost Model: A Strategic Mitigation Approach by Kandel Shankar, Sigdel Sandesh

“…A statistically significant positive correlation was found, with a linear regression model showing a strong association (R² = 0.836) between the two variables. The analysis also reveals a more detailed role for contract size, suggesting a potentially limited influence on time and cost variations. …”
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Air pollution and the number of daily visits of hypertension in northern china: a time-series analysis on generalized additive model by Chunmei Guo, Aizhu Liu, Hong Liu, Jing Wu

“…When the concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 and CO surpassed certain thresholds, and temperature dropped below 45 °F (with 70 °F as reference value), there was an observed increase in the number of hypertension, accompanied by a time lag effect. …”
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<i>In situ</i> and <i>ex situ</i> variability of phenological and morphological features in <i>Caltha palustris</i> L. under the conditions of the West Siberian forest steppe by Т. I. Fomina

“…The accessions varied significantly in the timing and duration of phenophases. Plants in the native population grew later and bloomed for a long time because of the variation in microconditions. …”
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Clinical and metabolic factors associated with chronic low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients by Vadim V. Klimontov, Nadezda V. Tyan, Olga N. Fazullina, Natalia E. Myakina, Alexander P. Lykov, Vladimir I. Konenkov

“…Levels of acute-phase proteins, fat mass and glucose variability (GV) were compared among demographic, anthropometric, biochemical and haematological parameters. …”
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Facilitating comprehensive child health monitoring within REDCap - an open-source code for real-time Z-score assessments by Priyanka Mendon, Michael Witsch, Marianne Becker, Aurélie Adamski, Michel Vaillant

“…This approach aids in the early identification of somatic developmental disorders, enabling timely medical interventions. It traditionally relies on Z-scores, which compare anthropometric variables with reference standards. …”
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