Handwritten Words Image Character Extraction Adaptive Algorithm Based on the Multi-branch Structure by GUO Xiaojing, ZHAO Xiaoyuan, ZOU Songlin

“…Higher identification precision and efficiency serve as reference indices for evaluating the model. …”
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Production of Cyanobacterial Microscale Adsorbent by Hydrothermal Method for Pre-concentration of Cadmium from Water by T. Mohammadi Arian, G. Rahimi, R. Khavari Farid

“…Solid-phase extraction using carbon adsorbents is the most efficient and common method of pre-concentration of heavy metals from environmental samples. …”
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INVESTIGATION OF UV/TiO2-ZnO-Co PHOTOCATALITIC DEGRADATION OF AZO DYE (REACTIVE RED 120) BY RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY by MOHSEN MANSOURI, MARJAN TANZIFI, HOSSEIN LOTFI, MOHSEN NADEMI

“…Results were in agreement with empirical values and the sensitivity analysis showed above parameters as the most efficient variables in decolorization efficiency. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed highly determination coefficient value (R2 = 0.9996 and adjusted-R2 = 0.999) and satisfactory prediction second-order regression model. …”
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Optimization of power output in plateau photovoltaic power stations using a hybrid Kepler and Gaussian quantum particle swarm algorithm by Shuang Gan, Heng Hu, Shaoshuai Li, Qian Peng, Taidong Yan, Huasheng Gong, Yuancheng Zhang

“…The optimization process is modeled with key decision variables, including panel configurations, snow removal strategies, and system efficiency adjustments. …”
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Applications of mutagenesis methods on affinity maturation of antibodies in vitro by LIU Yuan, LIN Manman, ZHANG Xiao, XU Chongxin, JIAO Linxia, ZHONG Jianfeng, WU Aihua, LIU Xianjin

“…In chain shuffling, a variable heavy or light chain of a specific antibody is recombined with a complementary variable domain library. …”
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Response Surface Optimization of CuS Photocatalytic Process Using UV‐vis Irradiation for Wastewater Treatment by Caressa Munien, Emmanuel Kweinor Tetteh, Sudesh Rathilal

“…Thus, this study aimed to optimize the operating parameters of the photocatalytic degradation process using copper sulphide (CuS) and UV‐visible irradiation via response surface methodology (RSM) to determine the relationship that exists between the most significant factors and the water quality parameters. The efficiency of the CuS photocatalyst was evaluated as a function of three input variables viz. …”
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An evolutionary-based optimization algorithm for truss sizing design by Pham Hoang Anh

“…Here, the constraints and objective function are treated separately so that both function and constraint evaluations can be saved. …”
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Online identification of stability region for large-scale wind farms, Part I: Clustering based piecewise affine impedance modeling by Jia Luo, Peng Wang, Haoran Zhao, Chenxinwei Yuan, Tiancheng Liu, Vladimir Terzija

“…In each partition, the impedance is expressed as a first-order explicit function of the complex variable and the operating state variables. …”
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Research on Robust Adaptive Model Predictive Control Based on Vehicle State Uncertainty by Yinping Li, Li Liu

“…To overcome these limitations, three key innovations are introduced: a three-degree-of-freedom vehicle dynamic model integrated with recursive least squares-based online estimation of tire slip stiffness for real-time lateral force compensation; an adaptive weight adjustment mechanism that dynamically balances control energy consumption and tracking accuracy by tuning cost function weights based on real-time state errors; and a dynamic constraint relaxation strategy using slack variables with variable penalty terms to resolve infeasibility while suppressing excessive constraint violations. …”
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Mass transpiration impact on effectiveness of heat transport of ternary hybrid nanofluid with velocity slip by S. Bilal, Muhammad Yasir

“…Furthermore, to raise the efficiency and to optimize the performance of the aforementioned mechanisms insertion of the composition of distinctively natured ternary nanoparticles comprising of Cu, TiO2 and Ag are induced. …”
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Neural Network and Generalized Extended State Observer Sliding Mode Control of Hydraulic Cylinder Position in the Independent Metering Control System with Digital Valves by Xiangfei Tao, Kailei Liu, Jing Yang

“…The independent metering control system is renowned for its ability to independently regulate the flow and pressure of various actuators, achieving high efficiency and energy savings in hydraulic systems. …”
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Enhanced Stability and Control of Solar Powered EV Charging Stations Using Disturbance Observer-Based Adaptive Sliding Mode Control for DC Voltage Stabilization by Surabhi Bagherwal, Subhasish Mahapatra

“…To address the chattering issue, a barrier function based SMC (BFSMC) approach is proposed. The distinctive aspects of this BFSM control approach is its capability to stabilize the designed sliding variable to a predefined neighbourhood around the origin within a limited duration, eliminating the need for prior understanding of the maximum limit of the lumped disturbance. …”
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Autonomous obstacle avoidance of underground coal mine transport robots based on intrinsic motivation reinforcement learning algorithm by ZHAO Kebao, LI Lingfeng, CHEN Zhuo, HAN Jun, YIN Rui

“…Existing robot obstacle avoidance methods mostly rely on preset rules or external reward signals, making it difficult to adapt to the complex and variable underground environment in coal mines. To achieve autonomous and efficient obstacle avoidance for underground coal mine transport robots, an autonomous obstacle avoidance method for underground coal mine transport robot based on Intrinsic Motivation Reinforcement Learning (IM-RL) algorithm was proposed. …”
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Greening concept in inventory system for deteriorating items with preservation investment and price and stock dependent demand via marine predators algorithm by Hachen Ali, Gobinda Chandra Panda, Adel Fahad Alrasheedi, Ali Akbar Shaikh, Jeonghwan Gwak

“…The resulting objective function is highly nonlinear and complex. To solve it efficiently, this study employs the Marine Predators Algorithm (MPA)—a newly developed metaheuristic algorithm well-suited for continuous, nonlinear optimization. …”
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A Particle Swarm Optimization-Guided Ivy Algorithm for Global Optimization Problems by Kaifan Zhang, Fujiang Yuan, Yang Jiang, Zebing Mao, Zihao Zuo, Yanhong Peng

“…In recent years, metaheuristic algorithms have garnered significant attention for their efficiency in solving complex optimization problems. …”
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Synergistic Enhancement of Carbon Sinks and Connectivity: Restoration and Renewal of Ecological Networks in Nanjing, China by Renfei Zhang, Hongye Li, Zhicheng Liu

“…We propose an innovative carbon sink index (CSI) that integrates three indicators: capacity, efficiency, and variability. This index assesses the carbon sink function of ecological patches from both static and dynamic perspectives. …”
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An Effective AFNIS-MPPT-Based Method for Optimizing Hybrid Energy Harvesting Systems by Muhammad Saqib, Ghulam Sarwar Kaloi, Mehr Gul, Muhammad Shahzad Nazir, Mohsin Ali Koondhar, Lutfi Albasha, Faisal Alsaif

“…The increasing global demand for renewable energy, particularly from solar and wind sources, highlights the need for sophisticated control strategies to optimize power generation efficiency. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques are essential for improving the performance of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems by maximizing power extraction from variable sources. …”
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Digital Twin Control Method of Machine Tool Feed Rate Based on Fuzzy Neural Network by YIN Jia, BAI Lele, TIAN Hui, WU Shijie, Hou Guijin, TANG Yuyang, LIU Hongguang, ZHANG Jun

“…The role of the digital twin in the cutting process is to connect machine tools with the developed digital monitoring system so that the machine tools can realize condition monitoring and adaptive optimization in the process of complex parts machining, and improve the machining accuracy and efficiency of parts. In the current milling process of aviation parts, considering many factors such as deformation, roughness, and tool wear, process engineers always set conservative parameters based on experience, resulting in low machining efficiency, and an inability to adaptively adjust the cutting parameters according to the cutting trajectory and machine load. …”
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Design and Simulation of Ornithopter based on Four-bar Mechanism by Zhao Zhifang, Qi Mingsi, Feng Jingkai, Zhang Wei, Wang Junyuan, Zhang Jiping

“…The brushless motor driving two stage reducer,provides input for four-bar mechanism. The robot has a function of the periodic flapping motion,the frequency change and size of the attitude angle adjustment. …”
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Development of Sub-channel Program and Multi-objective Optimization Method Research for Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger by CHEN Liqin, HUO Honglei, XIE Renyao, YANG Yi

“…The results of sensitivity analysis show that as the flow channel width and height of the cold side flow channel increase, the sensitivity of the objective function to the variables continues to decrease, the optimization effect gradually becomes worse, and there are optimal design points, which are 4 mm and 1 mm respectively. …”
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