A DQN-Based Algorithm for Operational Optimization of Freight Trains in Long Steep Downhill Sections by HE Zhiyu, LI Yinan, LI Hui, JI Zhijun

“…The study employed the batch collection of training samples utilizing experience replay and a double-network mechanism, along with the preprocessing of neural network state inputs, and the investigation into feasible regions within the action space using a variable ε-greedy strategy. A loss function based on the value function was then constructed, and network parameters were updated iteratively by a batch gradient descent method. …”
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Grid-connected PV inverter system control optimization using Grey Wolf optimized PID controller by Monika Gupta, P. M. Tiwari, R. K. Viral, Ashish Shrivastava, Basem Abu Zneid, Iryna Hunko

“…Conventional controllers such as P and PI are widely used in PV applications due to their simplicity, but they exhibit notable limitations in dynamic environments, including increased Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), slower transient response, and poor voltage regulation—particularly under variable irradiance conditions. The proposed GWO-PID method overcomes these limitations by leveraging the GWO algorithm’s global search capability to dynamically optimize the PID gains (Kp, Ki, Kd) based on a composite fitness function that minimizes Mean Squared Error (MSE) and THD. …”
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Mitigating Load Imbalance and Enhancing Distribution Transformer Performance via Fuzzy Inference System by Althoff Hibban, Azriyenni Azhari Zakri, Dirman Hanafi, Boy Ihsan, Umair Ali

“…To address this issue, this study proposes a fuzzy logic-based approach using a Mamdani-type Fuzzy Inference System (FIS). The input variables, current magnitudes in phases R, S, and T, are represented by trapezoidal membership functions classified into several categories. …”
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A Brief Political Economy of Energy Subsidies in the Middle East and North Africa by Laura El-Katiri, Bassam Fattouh

“…While it is clear that energy subsidy reform will not be the only variable at play, its potential socio-economic dividends are important factors for enabling some common regional objectives—sustainable fiscal policies, fiscal space to invest in key areas, and a more efficient and equitable distribution of scarce resources—to be achieved, helping to promote a more stable political status quo in the long term. …”
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Optimizing switching sequences in AC-AC converters for enhanced safety and performance in conveyor systems by Velmurugan Dhandapani, Gopinath Balasubramanian

“…Industrial systems require optimized control to maintain efficiency under variable loads. Fault conditions influence power stability and overall system functionality. …”
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Classification of Biological Data using Deep Learning Technique by Azha Javed, Muhammad Javed Iqbal

“…Previous work failed to properly address issues related to the classification of biological sequences i.e. protein including efficient encoding of variable length biological sequence data and implementation of deep learning based neural network models to enhance the performance of classification/ recognition systems. …”
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Haemodynamics-driven developmental pruning of brain vasculature in zebrafish. by Qi Chen, Luan Jiang, Chun Li, Dan Hu, Ji-wen Bu, David Cai, Jiu-lin Du

“…The brain blood vasculature consists of a highly ramified vessel network that is tailored to meet its physiological functions. How the brain vasculature is formed has long been fascinating biologists. …”
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Optimally controlled heating of solid particles in a fluidised bed with a dispersive flow of the solid by Poświata Artur, Szwast Zbigniew

“…The mixing rate was described by the axial dispersion coefficient. As any economic values of variables describing analysing process are subject to local and time fluctuations, the accepted objective function describes the total cost of the process expressed in exergy units. …”
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Comparing machine learning approaches for estimating soil saturated hydraulic conductivity. by Ali Akbar Moosavi, Mohammad Amin Nematollahi, Mohammad Omidifard

“…Results revealed that all NN models particularly PSO-NNs were efficient in prediction of Kfs. However, further evaluations may be recommended for other soil conditions and input variables to quantify their potential uncertainties and wider potential and versatility before they are used in other geographical locations/soil conditions.…”
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Mediating Effects of Stakeholders and Supervision on Corporate Social Responsibility by Fenghua Wang, Janice Lo, Monica Lam

“…All the standardized path coefficients (β) of direct effects from institutional pressures, market/societal pressures, and structural support to corporate social responsibility benefits are less than 0.1. …”
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Effect of a mix of condense and hydrolysable tannins feed additive on lactating dairy cows’ services per conception and days open by Alejandro R Castillo, Julio A Di Rienzo, Damiano Cavallini

“…Services per conception was modeled as a Poisson count using a generalized linear model with log link function. Days open was modeled with a generalized linear model for a gamma variable with log link function. …”
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Simulation Model for Hardware-in-the-Loop Tests of the ILR-33 AMBER Rocket Control System by Dawid Cieśliński, Rafał Dziczkaniec, Jan Kierski, Cezary Szczepański, Michał Welcer

“…It permits us to simulate flight dynamics in a 6DOF environment, with consideration of the variable thrust, mass-inertia, and aerodynamics. It reproduces key functionalities of on-board computer and sensors and allows us to reproduce multiple mission scenarios. …”
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Design Interleaved Full Bridge Circuit DC-DC Converter With Fuel Cell Power Source On Hybrid Trains by Taufik Iqbal Miftaks, Muhammad Azis Muslim, Mochammad Rusli

“…SMC is a type of non-linear control that functions functionally to control variable structures. …”
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Trajectory Planning Based on Screw Theory with Consideration of the Optimal Berth Position for a Space Robot by Yong Wang, Ying Liao, Kejie Gong

“…First, the berth position is transformed into the desired position of the end-effector, and its constraints are described. Joint variables are parameterized using a sinusoidal function combined with a five-order polynomial function. …”
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Mapping sage‐grouse fence‐collision risk: Spatially explicit models for targeting conservation implementation by Bryan S. Stevens, David E. Naugle, Brian Dennis, John W. Connelly, Tim Griffiths, Kerry P. Reese

“…However, research also suggested sage‐grouse collision was highly variable, and managers implementing mitigation desire targeting tools to prioritize mitigation efforts as a function of risk. …”
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Design optimization of inner and outer‐rotor PMSGs for X‐ROTOR wind turbines by Reza Yazdanpanah, Seyed Abolfazl Mortazavizadeh, Mohammad Salehian, David Campos‐Gaona, Olimpo Anaya‐Lara

“…The GA optimization algorithm was used to find optimized designs in terms of efficiency, weight, cost, and temperature rise. In order to find the global optimization solution within the allowed variable range and in accordance with the constraints, a combined objective function has also been defined. …”
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Convergence analysis of option drift rate inverse problem based on degenerate parabolic equation by Miao-miao Song, Zui-cha Deng, Xiang Li, Qiu Cui

“…In this paper, we study the convergence of the inverse drift rate problem of option pricing based on degenerate parabolic equations, aiming to recover the stock price drift rate function by known option market prices. Unlike the classical inverse parabolic equation problem, the article transforms the original problem into an inverse problem with principal coefficients of the degenerate parabolic equation over a bounded region by variable substitution, thus avoiding the error introduced by artificial truncation. …”
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Long-term evolution of the calibration constant on a mobile water vapour Raman lidar by P. Chazette, J. Totems, F. Laly

“…We note that the use of ground-based measurements does not introduce any more uncertainty in the lidar calibration coefficient than vertical profiles obtained by radiosondes or airborne means. …”
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Treatment of Pediatric Colchicine Poisoning with Single-Pass Albumin Dialysis: A Case Report by Atessa Bahadori, Rishil Patel, Cal Robinson, Steve Balgobin, Michael Zappitelli, Nithiakishna Selvathesan

“…The rationale for CVVHDF with SPAD was based on the high protein binding, variably high volume of distribution, previous reports showing a sieving coefficient of 0.2 with CVVH, and the high mortality risk. …”
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A Data-Driven Approach Based on Deep Neural Network Regression for Predicting the Compressive Strength of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete by Nhat-Duc Hoang, Van-Duc Tran

“…Experimental results show that the L1 regularization helps achieve the most desired performance, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of roughly 0.96. Notably, an asymmetric loss function is used along with Nadam to decrease the percentage of overestimated cases from 50.83% to 27.08%. …”
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