An adaptive sliding mode fault-tolerant control of variable speed reaching law for steer-by-wire systems by Jinwen Yang, Yinquan Yu, Dequan Zeng, Yiming Hu, Junhui Liu, Kai Liu, Giuseppe Carbone, Shaohua Luo, Xiaofeng Zhu

“…By integrating an adjustment function into the constant-velocity reaching polynomial and designing an adaptive law, dynamic updating of the control law is achieved. …”
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New Numerical Algorithm to Solve Variable-Order Fractional Integrodifferential Equations in the Sense of Hilfer-Prabhakar Derivative by MohammadHossein Derakhshan

“…In this article, a numerical technique based on the Chebyshev cardinal functions (CCFs) and the Lagrange multiplier technique for the numerical approximation of the variable-order fractional integrodifferential equations are shown. …”
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Structural optimization of stiffened panel structures with continuous and discrete design variables using deep reinforcement learning by Ryota NONAMI, Mitsuru KITAMURA

“…To overcome such an environment, in this study, an optimization flow for structural optimization is considered, and states, actions, and rewards appropriately representing design variables, constraint conditions, and objective functions are discussed. …”
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Enhanced thermal performance of variable cross-section solar collectors: a case study in Santiniketan, India by Pranab Kanti Roy

“…Abstract We present analytical models for variable cross-section absorber plate solar collectors, where the thermal conductivity, overall heat loss coefficient, and incident solar heat flux are power-law functions of temperature. …”
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Analysis of Current Ratio and Debt to Equity Ratio on Return On Assets with Company Size as a Moderating Variable by Mardiyani Mardiyani, Maiyaliza Maiyaliza, Rahmat Rian Hidayat, Muhammad Dwika Pramudya

“…This means that an increased liquidity, along with the proportion of debt can reduce the efficiency and profitability of the company. Company size strengthens the effect by functioning as a moderating variable. …”
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An Operational Matrix Technique Based on Chebyshev Polynomials for Solving Mixed Volterra-Fredholm Delay Integro-Differential Equations of Variable-Order by Kamal R. Raslan, Khalid K. Ali, Emad M. H. Mohamed, Jihad A. Younis, Mohamed A. Abd El salam

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Symmetric physically unclonable functions of the arbiter type by V. N. Yarmolik, A. A. Ivaniuk

“…The proposed approach to the construction of symmetrical physically unclonable functions, based on the implementation of the Generate, Select and Switch functions by various components of the base element, has shown its efficiency and promise. …”
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High-Order Spectral Method of Density Estimation for Stochastic Differential Equation Driven by Multivariate Gaussian Random Variables by Hongling Xie

“…All the presented stochastic equations are driven by bivariate Gaussian random variables. The efficiency is compared with the Monte-Carlo method based on the known random function.…”
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Comparison of Different Numerical Models for Solidification of Paraffin-Based PCMs and Evaluation of the Effect of Variable Mushy Zone Constant by Milad Tajik Jamalabad, Cristobal Cortes, Javier Pallarés, Antonia Gil, Inmaculada Arauzo

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Data-Driven Sensitivity Analysis of the Influence of Geometric Parameterized Variables on Flow Fields Under Different Design Spaces by Xiaoyu Xu, Hongbo Chen, Chenliang Zhang, Yanhui Duan, Guangxue Wang

“…In aerodynamic shape optimization, geometric parameterized variables have a significant impact on the flow field, thereby influencing both the effectiveness and efficiency of the optimization process. …”
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Multi-UAV Cooperative Suspension Control Strategy Considering Variable Rope Length and Load Posture Coupling Effect by Yi Wang, Kang Li, Xuefu Li, Jingyu Wang, Pengbo Yu

“…On this basis, the traditional dynamic model is improved, with a focus on the impact of variable rope length, analyzing the dynamic coupling relationship between rope length and swing angle, and constructing related coupling error functions to improve the stability and control accuracy of the system. …”
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Predicting Wear Rate and Friction Coefficient of Li₂Si₂O₅ Dental Ceramic Using Optimized Artificial Neural Networks by Marko Pantić, Saša Jovanović, Aleksandar Djordjevic, Suzana Petrović Savić, Milan Radenković, Živče Šarkoćević

“…A genetic algorithm (GA) was used to optimize the ANN’s hyperparameters, improving its ability to model complex, nonlinear relationships between input variables, including normal load and velocity and output properties such as wear rate and friction coefficients. …”
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Experimental Study on Desorption Characteristics of Coalbed Methane under Variable Loading and Temperature in Deep and High Geothermal Mine by Haifeng Ma, Lingjie Wang, Housheng Jia, Jucai Chang, YingMing Li, Xiangyang Zhang, Zuxiang Hu, Zhiqiang Yin

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Weighted average ensemble for Cholesky-based covariance matrix estimation by Xiaoning Kang, Zhenguo Gao, Xi Liang, Xinwei Deng

“…Our key idea is to obtain different weights for different candidate estimates by minimizing an appropriate risk function with respect to the Frobenius norm. Different from the existing ensemble estimation based on the MCD, the proposed method provides a sparse weighting scheme such that one can distinguish which variable orderings employed in the MCD are useful for the ensemble matrix estimate. …”
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Investigating Attitudes towards Refugee Students based on Several Variables: Revised Version of Refugee Student Attitude Scale by Ahmet Göçen, Ragıp Terzi, Bilal Altun

“…At this stage, the contribution of hosting teachers andschool administrators to attitudes towards migrants and inclusive educationpolicies is a key to the efficient functioning of the process. In this study,attitudes towards refugee students of teachers from Sanliurfa, one of Turkey'smost populated-refugee cities, is investigated based on several variables. …”
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The Role of Profitability and Liquidity in Meeting the Feasibility Standards of Sharia Banking with Capital Adequacy as A Moderating Variable in Indonesia by Padli Pawaid Yahya, Joko Setyono

“…Control variables include Net Profit Margin (NPM), Operational Efficiency (BOPO), and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR). …”
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Orchard variable-rate spraying method integrating GNSS and wind-excited audio-conducted leaf area density by Hangxing Zhao, Hangxing Zhao, Hangxing Zhao, Shenghui Yang, Shenghui Yang, Shenghui Yang, Wenwei Li, Wenwei Li, Han Feng, Han Feng, Shijie Jiang, Shijie Jiang, Weihong Liu, Weihong Liu, Jingbin Li, Yongjun Zheng, Yongjun Zheng, Songchao Zhang

“…As a result, few fully functional variable-rate spraying systems have been developed based on this parameter.MethodsThis study presents a variable-rate spraying method that integrates global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning with wind-excited audio-conducted estimation of canopy leaf area density. …”
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Optimization of non-smooth functions via differentiable surrogates. by Shikun Chen, Zebin Huang, Wenlong Zheng

“…These models are commonly used to predict outputs based on a combination of fixed parameters and adjustable variables. A key transition in optimization involves moving beyond simple prediction to determine optimal variable values. …”
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Global change in the trophic functioning of marine food webs. by Aurore Maureaud, Didier Gascuel, Mathieu Colléter, Maria L D Palomares, Hubert Du Pontavice, Daniel Pauly, William W L Cheung

“…First, we developed two indicators to assess such changes: the Time Cumulated Indicator (TCI) measuring the residence time of biomass within the food web, and the Efficiency Cumulated Indicator (ECI) quantifying the fraction of secondary production reaching the top of the trophic chain. …”
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Scalable Processing of Glass with Multi‐Functional Cu Coating by Dan Wang, Xuelu Zhang, Yan Xing, Guanghua Liu, Hui Wu, Wei Pan

“…Abstract Functional glass has been intensively studied as a future material with improved comfort, safety, and practicality across a variety of settings, including industrial, and residential environments. …”
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