Urban Planning with Rational Green Infrastructure Placement Using a Critical Area Detection Method by Herath Mudiyanselage Malhamige Sonali Dinesha Herath, Takeshi Fujino, Mudalige Don Hiranya Jayasanka Senavirathna

“…However, the efficacy of GI is frequently undermined by haphazard implementation and resource misallocation that disregards appropriate spatial scales. …”
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Design of an Exam Cheating Detection System Application Based on Machine Learning with the Computer Vision Method by Andra Putra Hendrawan, Esti Wijayanti, Ahmad Abdul Chamid

“…This cheating not only harms honest students but also undermines the integrity of the education system. In today's digital age, various forms of cheating are increasingly difficult to detect using manual proctoring methods. …”
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A Data Cleaning Method for the Identification of Outliers in Fishing Vessel Trajectories Based on a Geocoding Algorithm by Li Zhang, Weifeng Zhou

“…If there is no intersection, it is determined that the current fishing vessel position is an outlier, and this point will be excluded. The method proposed in this study is able to effectively identify outliers in trajectory data, achieving efficient and effective trajectory data cleaning and improving the accuracy and reliability of the data.…”
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A competitive-collaborative nonnegative representation method and its application for face recognition in smart campus by Tingting Guo, Ziqi Li, Jun Sun, Yonghong Zhang, Qingfeng Xia, Ke Ren

“…This separation limits the method’s classification effectiveness. Furthermore, the presence of multicollinearity in the nonnegative representation may introduce inaccuracies in classification estimates, further undermining performance. …”
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An improved hybrid policy optimization method for economic-preference dispatch considering cross time-scales collaboration by Qianli Zhang, Hao Tang, Duanchao Li

“…However, existing DRL methods have a deficiency in reasonably responding to the relatively long time-scale power schedule at the dispatching level, which undermines the cooperativity between the expected schedule and RAPD and also results in the incapability of well-tracking the operation preferences. …”
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Building consistency in explanations: Harmonizing CNN attributions for satellite-based land cover classification by Timo T. Stomberg, Lennart A. Reißner, Martin G. Schultz, Ribana Roscher

“…However, a key challenge is that different attribution methods often produce different outcomes undermining trust in their results. …”
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Variable Dose-Constraints Method Based on Multiplicative Dynamical Systems for High-Precision Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Planning by Omar M. Abou Al-Ola, Takeshi Kojima, Ryosei Nakada, Norihisa Obata, Kohei Hayashi, Tetsuya Yoshinaga

“…Specifically, because it is as an iterative process derived from discretization of a linear differential equation system using the additive Euler method, a lower-bound clipping procedure is required to prevent the state variables for both beam coefficients and dose constraints from taking negative values. …”
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Método de avaliação da suspensão do SMAS no rejuvenescimento facial A method to evaluate the SMAS suspension in facelift by Ithamar Nogueira Stocchero, Gustavo Flosi Stocchero, Guilherme Flosi Stocchero, Alexandre Siqueira Franco Fonseca

“…CONCLUSIONS: The described methodology confirms that the round block SMAS treatment technique is efficient regarding the suspension of the superficial muscular aponeurotic system, with significant reduction of the undermined area, consequently reducing the dead space, and may be a parameter to comparison of different techniques.…”
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Low Capillary Elastic Flow Model Optimization Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method and Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm by Yaqi Hou, Wei Zhang, Jiahua Hu, Feiyu Gao, Xuexue Zong

“…This approach enhances the controllability of the elastic flow process and improves the efficiency of mass and heat transfer.…”
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XGBoost-Based Detection of DDoS Attacks in Named Data Networking by Liang Liu, Weiqing Yu, Zhijun Wu, Silin Peng

“…These attacks exploit the inherent data retrieval and caching mechanisms of NDN, leading to severe disruptions in data availability and network efficiency, thereby undermining the overall performance and reliability of the system. …”
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Prediction for Coastal Wind Speed Based on Improved Variational Mode Decomposition and Recurrent Neural Network by Muyuan Du, Zhimeng Zhang, Chunning Ji

“…Accurate and comprehensive wind speed forecasting is crucial for improving efficiency in offshore wind power operation systems in coastal regions. …”
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Methodology for Automating and Orchestrating Performance Evaluation of Kubernetes Container Network Interfaces by Vedran Dakić, Jasmin Redžepagić, Matej Bašić, Luka Žgrablić

“…Any compromise in network performance can severely affect distributed HPC applications, leading to bottlenecks that undermine the entire system’s efficiency. This paper highlights the critical need for precise and consistent evaluation of Kubernetes Container Network Interfaces (CNIs) to ensure that HPC workloads can operate at their full potential. …”
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HiGoReg: A Hierarchical Grouping Strategy for Point Cloud Registration by Tengfei Zhou, Jianxiang Gu, Zhen Dong

“…In contrast, excessive grouping could undermine computational efficiency.…”
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Integrating digital and narrative medicine in modern healthcare: a systematic review by Efthymia Efthymiou

“…The increasing integration of digital technologies in healthcare, such as electronic health records, telemedicine, and diagnostic algorithms, improved efficiency but raised concerns about the depersonalization of care. …”
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Analisis Visual dan Machine Learning untuk Mengukur Validitas Dokumen Akademik Perpustakaan: Studi pada Data Turnitin by Hesti Ari Wardani, Imam Yuadi

“…Additionally, this research is expected to serve as a foundation for academic policies in strengthening plagiarism detection systems, increasing transparency in evaluation, and promoting the development of more accurate and efficient document validation methods. However, this study has limitations regarding the scope of data used, particularly in terms of study program representation and external factors that may influence Turnitin scores. …”
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Neighbor-Enhanced Link Prediction in Bipartite Networks by Guangtao Cheng, Chaochao Liu, Chuting Wei, Yueyue Li, Xue Chen, Xiaobo Li

“…Local structural methods, in particular, are widely favored for their simplicity, interpretability, and computational efficiency. …”
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Economic inequality and corruption as social determinants of health: An empirical analysis across 136 countries (2001–2020) by Chun Kai Leung, Jeremy Ko, Fangzheng Liang, Wai Kit Ming

“…The findings indicate that this compounded impact is most severe in low- and lower-middle-income countries, where systemic governance failures intersect with structural inequities to undermine health systems. Robustness checks using alternative health indicators and econometric methods strengthen the validity of the conclusions. …”
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High-precision positioning of robotic systems on programme trajectories using satellite navigation measurements by S. V. Sokolov, A. I. Okhotnikov, D. V. Marshakov, I. V. Reshetnikova

“…Use of satellite navigation in recent years shows that such conditions undermine traditional satellite signal processing methods based on the least squares method or its modifications. …”
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Generative AI in Higher Education: Teachers’ and Students’ Perspectives on Support, Replacement, and Digital Literacy by Samia Haroud, Nadia Saqri

“…These findings underscore the opportunities of generative AI, such as personalized learning and efficiency, while addressing limitations like ethical concerns and over-reliance, offering actionable insights for policymakers, educators, and technologists aiming to integrate AI responsibly in education.…”
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Design of low-carbon planning model for vehicle path based on adaptive multi-strategy ant colony optimization algorithm by Qi Guo, Rui Li, Changjiang Zheng, Gwanggil Jeon

“…These systems frequently confront myriad challenges, including traffic congestion, intricate routes, and substantial energy consumption, which collectively undermine transportation efficiency, escalate energy usage, and contribute to environmental pollution. …”
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